STUDIES ON CHARACTERIZATION OF GENOTYPES AND SEED STORABILITY AGAINST PULSE BEETLE (Callosobruchus chinensis) IN HORSE GRAM
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Date
2012
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ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Abstract
“Studies on characterization of genotypes and seed storability against pulse
beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis) in horse gram” were carried out under field
conditions in National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Regional Station,
Hyderabad and the seed storability studies under laboratory conditions in Seed
Entomology Lab, Seed Research and Technology Centre, ANGRAU, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh during the year 2011-12
Fifty horse gram accessions were characterized based on the morphological
characters viz. plant growth pattern, plant growth habit, stem colour, leaf colour, seed
colour. Significant correlations were noticed among the qualitative traits while
biochemical parameters exhibited positive and negative relationship with the
morphological qualitative traits but the relationship is non-significant. Plant growth
pattern is significantly and positively correlated with plant growth habit and leaf colour
while a significant negative relationship was noticed between plant growth pattern and
stem colour. Plant growth habit showed significant negative relationship with stem
colour and significant positive relationship with leaf colour. However, biochemical
parameters viz., proteins and phenols exhibited positive and negative relationship with
the morphological qualitative traits but the relationship is non-significant.
The performance of 50 horse gram accessions against C. chinensis infestation
was assessed based on the development of the insect, per cent weight loss and insect
damage. Significant variation was observed among the accessions with respect to pest
development and seed damage. Based on the biological parameters of the pulse beetle
viz., oviposition, adult emergence, mean developmental period, per cent insect
infestation and weight loss, Palem-2, Palem-1, AK-21 and NSB-27 were considered to
be resistant accessions. On the other hand, NS/05/42 and NSJ/NAIP/BD-ADB-35-1
were found to be susceptible accessions. The per cent reduction in germination in
comparison to initial germination is 0.4%, 2.4% and 2.4% for Palem-1, Palem-2 and
AK-21, respectively at 60 days after release whereas in NS/05/42, the per cent
germination drastically reduced from 90.6 to 31.6% leading to 65% reduction in
germination after infestation.
On the basis of Howe susceptibility index, the accessions Palem-2,
KSAS/06/391, Palem-1, AK-21, NSB-27, NSJ/NAIP/140-239 and NDS-259 were
categorized as resistant accessions, while NS-74, RJR-94, PSRJ-13089, NS/05/113,
NSM-125 and PSRJ-13089-1 were grouped as moderately resistant accessions.
NSJ/NAIP/031-130, BAR-231-1, NSJ/NAIP/006-105, PSRJ-13030, NS/05/94 and
NS/05/87 were classified as highly susceptible accessions to bruchid infestation.
Among the biochemical and physico-chemical characters, proteins, phenol
content and seed coat thickness of horse gram accessions showed significant influence
on oviposition, developmental period, adult emergence and seed infestation of C.
chinensis. Less protein content, high phenols and thick seed coat of the accessions were
detrimental to the growth and development of C. chinensis while high protein content,
low phenols and thin seed coat of the test accessions favoured the successful
development of bruchids of pulse beetle.
Management of pulse beetle through modified atmosphere using elevated levels
of CO2 indicated that 40% and higher concentrations of CO2 significantly reduced the
per cent insect infestation and weight loss of horse gram seed. The efficacy of different
concentrations of CO2 on seed infestation and population build up revealed that
exposing the bruchid infested horse gram seed to 40% and higher concentrations of
CO2 not only checked seed infestation but also checked the progeny production of the
pest even after prolonged periods of storage up to 6 months. The horse gram seed
stored in CO2 rich atmosphere also maintained seed quality with high germination%
and seedling vigour up to six months of storage.
Description
Keywords
sowing, inorganic compounds, vegetables, grain legumes, biological interaction, developmental stages, storage, germinability, concentrates, sexual reproduction, GENOTYPES, SEED STORABILITY, PULSE BEETLE, Callosobruchus chinensis, HORSE GRAM