Productive And Reproductive Performance Of Buffaloes In North East Zone Of Tamilnadu

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Date
2004
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Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the productive and reproductive performance of the buffaloes under field conditions in North East Zone of Tamil Nadu. 250 farmers were selected randomly from large farmers, small farmers, marginal farmers and landless labourers. About 25.2 per cent of the farmers had dairying as their main occupation and about 75 per cent pursued dairying as subsidiary occupation. The literacy level of these farmers was 75.2 per cent. On an average land size holding was 4.35 ± 1.54 acres. The overall means herd size was 6.51. About 54.5 per cent of the farmers were having more than two decades of farming experience. Average annual income of the buffalo farmers per year was Rs.23,781.20. About 82 per cent of the farmers were able to identify the heat and 30 per cent of farmers could diagnose the pregnancy by themselves. About 46 per cent followed natural service and rest followed Artificial Insemination. The buffaloes calved maximum during the month of October (22.5 per cent). All the farmers were found offering concentrate and roughage to their animals. More than 50 per cent of the farmers had open type of house. About 53.2 per cent of the farmer sold their milk to vendor. Vaccination of animals against HS, BQ, FMD (72.2 per cent) was practised.The least squares mean ± S.E. of total lactation milk yield was 555.89 ± 10 kg in non-descript buffaloes and 1140.18 ± 13.87 kg in graded Murrah buffaloes. The least squares mean ± S.E. of mean lactation length was 294.44 ± 89 days in non descript buffaloes and 327.56 ± 0.85 days in graded Murrah buffaloes. A wide variation was observed in fat, SNF, protein and total solids of non-descript buffaloes, (8.03 ± 0.60, 9.85 ± 0.07, 4.23 ± 0.08 and 17.88 ± 0.57 respectively) and graded Murrah buffaloes (7.33 ± 0.57, 9.47 ± 0.07, 4.14 ± 0.08 and 16.80 ± 0.50 respectively). The least squares mean for age at first calving was 54.19 ± 0.15 months in non-descript buffaloes and 47.56 ± 0.12 months in graded Murrah buffaloes. The least squares mean for dry period was 284.42 ± 2.88 in non-descript buffaloes and 188.13 ± 2.51 days in graded Murrah buffaloes. The least squares mean for service period was 268.13 ± 1.71 days in non-descript buffaloes and 173.16 ± 2.75 days in graded Murrah buffaloes. The least squares mean for conception rate was 29.56 ± 0.25 per cent in non- descript buffaloes and 43.70 ± 1.01 per cent in graded Murrah buffaloes. The least squares mean for calving interval was 579.9 ± 0.09 day in non-descript buffaloes and 514.5 ± 0.09 days in graded Murrah buffaloes. The least squares means ± S.E of calcium, phosphorus, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol and SGOT were 11.17 ± 0.07 mg per dl, 4.51 ± 0.04 mg per dl, 52.54 ± 0.16 mg per dl, 3.28 ± 0.02mg per dl, 3.81 ± 0.03 ml per dl, 16.32 ± 0.06 mg per dl, 1.43 ± 0.05 mg per dl, 131.37 ± 4.36 mg per dl and 72.69 ± 0.06 IU per l respectively in non-descript buffaloes. The same values for graded Murrah buffaloes were 11.23 ± 0.06 mg per dl, 4.56 ± 0.03 mg per dl, 52.55 ± 0.15 mg per dl, 7.11 ± 0.02 mg per dl, 3.29 ± 0.03 mg per dl, 3.82 ± 0.03 per mg per dl, 16.29 ± 0.05 mg per dl, 1.44 ± 0.05 mg per dl, 133.24 ± 4.75 mg per dl and 72.68 ± 0.06 IU per l respectively. The cost of milk production per litre was Rs. 10.95, 11.43, 11.66 and 11.88 for large, small, marginal and landless labourer respectively.
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Keywords
Buffalo, Production, Reproduction, Performance
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