Effect Of Nanomineral Supplementation In TANUVAS Smart Mineral Mixture On The Performance Of Lambs
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Date
2014
Authors
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Publisher
Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Abstract
A research was conducted with the objective of exploring the scope of
incorporating nanoparticle sources for calcium, phosphorus and copper in area
specific mineral mixture (TANUVAS-SMART-Type III mineral mixture) and
equating the proportion of nanoparticle to coarse particle sources for calcium,
phosphorus and copper to be supplemented to lambs. The particle size and zeta
potential of nano form of hydroxy apatite (44.20 nm, -28mV) and copper (43.50 nm, -
25mV) were produced by wet chemical / electrolytic method, leading to lower yield
of hydroxyl apatite (1.25 g/hour) and copper (0.625g/hour) production. Hence
physical method using ball mill was used for production of nano form of dicalcium
phosphate with particle size and zeta potential of 46.60 nm, -26 mV and copper
sulphate with 44.87nm, -20.5mV respectively. Yield for dicalcium phosphate and
copper sulphate respectively was 25g/hour and100g/hour. Cytotoxicity assay of the
nano form of dicalcium phosphate and copper sulphate carried out in African monkey
kidney cells (Vero cell line) revealed that addition of both nano forms of dicalcium
phosphate and copper sulphate up to 10 percent did not cause any cell inhibition and
was considered safe at this level. The bioavailability of nano forms of dicalcium
phosphate and copper sulphate was done using laying hens (Forstgate strain) in peak
production (37 to 40 weeks) as animal model. Factorial design of 3 (0, 50 and 25 nano
form of dicalcium phosphate) X 3 (0, 50 and 25 nanoform copper sulphate) was
carried out with 6 birds in each treatment. The basal feed fed to birds of all treatments
were same except for mineral supplementation. The control group had coarse forms of
di calcium phosphate, calcite and copper sulphate supplying 100 % of requirement.
Nano form of calcium phosphate at levels of 50 % and 25 % replaced dicalcium
phosphate and calcite. Thus 50 and 25 % nano form of di calcium phosphate
supplementation had 50 and 75 % less di calcium phosphate as compared to control.
Similarly, copper sulphate was replaced by nano form of copper sulphate at 50 % and
25 %. Thus groups fed 50 and 25 % nano form of copper sulphate had 50 and 75 %
less copper sulphate. In spite of reduced intake of calcium, phosphorus and copper
nano form of minerals did not have a negative impact on body weight, hen day egg
production, egg mass, and egg shell quality. The 50% nano form of dicalcium
phosphate and 25% nano form copper sulphate supplemented group of birds had
significantly lowest (p<0.05) feed intake, which reflected in improved feed efficiency.
In spite of reduced calcium and phosphorus, the total ash or calcium or phosphorus of
tibia remained un affected. The per cent calcium and phosphorus retained in tibia was
significantly (p<0.05) highest in 25 percent nano form of di calcium phosphate and
50% nano form of copper sulphate, implicating a better bioavailability. The per cent
copper retention was inversely proportional to the inclusion level of nano form of
copper sulphate as evident from the significant (p< 0.05) increase in the per cent
retention of copper in liver with decrease in the level of inclusion. Significant
difference (p<0.05) in egg weight and specific gravity was altered due to nano
minerals. Reduction in nano form of calcium, phosphorus and copper intake had no
adverse effect on egg shell quality. The scope for further reduction in the inclusion
level of these two minerals in the diet does exist. A Validation study on growing
Sandyno lambs supplemented with TANUVAS SMART (Type III) mineral mixture
Vs nano form of dicalcium phosphate at 50% and nano form of copper sulphate at 25
% incorporated TANUVAS SMART (Type III) mineral mixture confirmed the earlier
finding by exhibiting no significant variations between treatments in growth rate, feed
conversion ratio, tibial retention of calcium and phosphorus, liver retention of copper,
serum calcium, phosphorus, copper, ceruloplasmin concentration, superoxide
dismutase activity, slaughter characteristics, wool yield and quality. However the
retention of calcium in tibia was improved to tune of 61.61 % , phosphorus retention
by 25.77 per cent and copper retention in liver by 96.31 in nanoform minerals
supplemented animals. Species, specific variation existed in nano form of mineral
supplementation viz feed intake significantly reduced in layers, but not in lambs.
Serum copper and tibial copper levels were influenced by nano form of dicalcium
phosphate in layers but not in lambs, higher bioavailability with regard to copper in
layers compared to lambs. Nano form of copper sulphate has better anthelmintic
effect compared to its coarse counterpart, which could be probed further.
Description
Keywords
Nano calcium, Nano phosphorus, Nano copper, Cytotoxicity, Bioavailability