Pathological Study On The Combined Effect Of Citrinin And Aflatoxin In Broiler Chicken
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Date
2006
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Publisher
Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Abstract
The individual and combined effects of citrinin (5 ppm) and aflatoxin (0.5
ppm) were studied in broiler chicken by feeding the mycotoxins from 0 to 6 weeks
of age. The clinical signs of inappetance, poor growth and diarrhoea were observed
in mycotoxin fed birds. There was significant (P<0.05) reduction in body weight
gain and feed consumption in all mycotoxin fed groups compared to the control.
Anaemia, hypoproteinaemia, hypoglobulinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia,
hypoglycaemia, increased ALT and BUN, hypocalcaemia, hyponatraemia,
hypokalaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypocholesterolaemia, decreased HDL and
LDL and increased VLDL and TC/HDL ratio were observed in the mycotoxin fed
birds.
Significant (P<0.05) increase in the weight of liver and spleen and decrease
in the weight of bursa of Fabricius were observed in the mycotoxin fed groups.
Glomerular basement membrane thickening, degeneration and necrotic
changes in the tubular epithelial cells in kidneys, degenerative changes in
hepatocytes, microgranuloma, periportal fibrosis, periductular mononuclear cell
infiltration, fatty degeneration, focal necrosis and fibrosis in the liver, mucosal
hyperplasia of crop, proventriculitis, ventriculitis, catarrhal enteritis, pancreatitis,
myocardial degeneration, mycocarditis, hyaline degeneration of muscle, lymphoid
depletion and atrophic changes in the bursa of Fabricius, lymphoid depletion and
reticulum cell hyperplasia in spleen, lymphoid depletion in caecal tonsils and plasma
cell depletion in the Harderian gland were observed in the mycotoxin fed birds.
The haemagglutination inhibition titre to Newcastle disease vaccination and
the stimulation index in splenocytes were significantly (P<0.05) lower in all the
mycotoxin fed birds. The toxin induced apoptosis and necrosis in spleen and thymus
were observed at 48 h and these were supported by light and electron microscopic
studies.
In CTN group (n=3), liver samples showed 120 ppb CTN, muscle 0-80 ppb
CTN and kidney 80 ppb CTN during the third week and in the sixth week, the CTN
levels were 200-240 ppb in liver, 120 ppb in muscle and 120 ppb in kidney samples.
In AF group (n=3), liver showed 0-3 ppb AF and no residues in muscle and kidney
samples during third week and in the sixth week, AF residue levels were 0-6 ppb in
liver and muscle samples and no traces in kidney samples. In the CTN+AF group
(n=3), the CTN residue levels were 0-130 ppb in liver, 0-120 ppb in muscle and 80
ppb in kidney samples. In the sixth week, CTN residue levels were 200-260 ppb in
liver, 0-200 ppb in muscle and 200 ppb in kidney samples. The AF residue levels
were 3 ppb in liver and no traces in the muscle and kidney samples during third
week and during sixth week, 6 ppb both in the liver and muscle samples and no
traces in kidney samples.
Combined toxicity was severe when compared to the individual mycotoxin
fed groups. However, the effect was less than additive.
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Keywords
Citrinin, Aflatoxin, Broiler chicken, Growth, Haematology, Serum biochemistry, Pathology, Ultrastructure, Immune status, Apoptosis, Toxic residues