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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF ADVANCED GREEN LONG BRINJAL (Solanum melongena L.) BREEDING LINES
    (University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. (College of Horticulture, Bengaluru)., 2020-12) G. KAVYA; KATTEGOUDAR, JYOTHI.; H. B. LINGAIAH; B. ANJANEYA REDDY; NARABENCHI, GANGADHARA.
    A field investigation on evaluation of advanced green long brinjal breeding lines for bacterial wilt disease resistance, growth and yield attributes was carried out during the Rabi season of 2019-20 at Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Bengaluru. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with nine genotypes along with parents (Green Long and IIHR-3) and checks (Arka Anand, Arka Harshitha and Arka Kusumakar). Significant difference was noticed for all the characters among the lines, indicating existence of variation among the genotypes. The results revealed that, the genotypes performed significantly superior compared to the check Arka Harshitha. Significant highest yield (1104.00 g/plant) in ABLB-3, maximum number of branches per plant (6.53) in ABLB-5, least number of days to the first and fifty per cent flowering (36.80 and 44 days respectively) in ABLB7, maximum number of fruits per plant (32.80) in ABLB-3, highest average fruit weight (37.68 g/plant) in ABLB-3, maximum fruit length (16.75 cm) in ABLB-2 , and maximum fruit width (6.18 cm) in ABLB-7 were observed compared to the check Arka Harshitha. The genotypes ABLB-6, ABLB- 3, ABLB-9, ABLB-5 and ABLB-4 were recorded significantly lower incidence of bacterial wilt disease compared with the check Arka Kusumakar and found to be resistant to bacterial wilt disease and ABLB- 2, ABLB- 7, ABLB-8 and ABLB-1 were moderately resistant to bacterial wilt disease compared to the check Arka Kusumakar. Among the genotypes ABLB-6, ABLB-3, ABLB-9, ABLB-5 and ABLB-4 were selected based on number of fruits, average fruit weight, fruit yield and per cent bacterial wilt disease incidence for further evaluation.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS UNDER EUCALYPTUS PLANTATION IN MALUR AND HOSKOTE TALUKS OF KARNATAKA
    (University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. (College of Horticulture, Bengaluru)., 2021-01) H. M. PRUTHVI RAJ; B. N. DHANANJAYA; ALUR, ASHOK S.; B. G. PRAKASH; R. L. RAGHUNATHA REDDY; B. R. PREMALATHA
    A study was undertaken to assess the fertility status of surface soils under different periods of eucalyptus cultivation (12, 24 and 48 years) and restoration (2, 6 and 10 years) and compared with adjacent croplands having no history of eucalyptus cultivation. The results revealed that the soils under eucalyptus plantation showed high bulk density and low water holding capacity as compared to restored and cropland plots. Further, bulk density was increased while water holding capacity was decreased with increasing the cultivation period of eucalyptus. Soils under eucalyptus plantation were acidic in reaction and contained less total soluble salts. The soil acidity was increased while total soluble salts content was decreased with prolonging the cultivation period of eucalyptus. The available major nutrients except sulphur and total bacterial and actinomycetes counts were low in soils under eucalyptus plantation and were decreased with prolonging the cultivation period of eucalyptus. The available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents including total fungal counts were relatively more in soils under eucalyptus plantation than restored and cropland plots and were increased with prolonging the period of eucalyptus cultivation. A study on vertical distribution of nutrients in eucalyptus, restored and cropland plots indicated that the available major and micronutrients contents were decreased with depth except Mn content. A study on allelopathic effect of eucalyptus tree parts aqueous extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of finger millet and tomato revealed that the germination of tomato seeds was more inhibited than finger millet seeds. Further, fresh leaves aqueous extract has pronounced more inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth attributes of finger millet and tomato followed by consortium of fresh leaves, juvenile stem bark and root extracts while least inhibition was noticed in root extract at all levels of concentration tried.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF JACKFRUIT SEED POWDER FORTIFIED EXTRUDED PRODUCT
    (University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. (College of Horticulture, Bengaluru)., 2020-12) B. A. RAMYA; G. K. SADANANDA; K. R. VASUDEVA; K. J. DAYAMANI; M. B. DARSHAN
    Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) is one of those underutilized fruits that have potential nutritional benefits for the preparation of different value added products. The study on the topic “Development of jackfruit seed powder fortified extruded product” was conducted at the department of Postharvest Technology, College of Horticulture, Bengaluru in the academic year 2019-2020. The jackfruit seed powder fortified extruded product was developed after performing two experiments. In the first experiment, standardization of flour combination for developing fortified extruded product was done (barrel-1:50 °C, barrel-2:75 °C, barrel-3:110 °C temperatures) by using maize grits, jackfruit seed powder and sweet potato flour at three different feed moisture (12, 14 and 16%) content. The best extruded product was developed by the combination of 75 per cent of maize grits, 10 per cent of jackfruit seed powder, 15 per cent of sweet potato flour, 14 per cent of feed moisture content and product was extruded at. In the second experiment, the best extruded product developed in first experiment was fortified with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 per cent of tomato powder or methi leaf powder. The extruded product fortified with 5 per cent tomato powder (T3) showed the best result among all the treatment combinations with respect to physico-chemical characteristics. The fortified extruded products packed and stored in aluminium laminated polyethylene packages were microbially safe and consumption quality remains acceptable up to 9 months.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE PROFILING OF NUTRITIONAL AND HEALTH BENEFITTING FACTORS OF SWEET AND SOUR CARAMBOLA FRUIT (Averrhoa carambola L.)
    (University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. (College of Horticulture, Bengaluru)., 2020-12) N. MEGHANA; UGALAT, JAYASHREE.; K. R. VASUDEVA; G. J. SURESHA; S. MOHAN KUMAR
    Exploring underutilized fruit crops to attain sustainability in nutrition and health is trending in the present scenario of the health-conscious society. Carambola is one of such crops, which was introduced to India a century ago, however, still, it is under the category of the neglected or underutilized fruit crops. Therefore, the present study was envisaged on the complete profiling of nutrients and health benefiting phytochemical using advanced instrumentation techniques. Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) fruit is also known as star fruit, belongs to the oxalidaceae family. The physical parameters, size, and weight are comparatively high in sour type than in sweet type. Complete profiling of organic acids in both the fruit using HPLC revealed the presence of oxalic acid, citric acid to be in relatively high concentration in sour type, sweet type was having a high content of tartaric acid. Carambola contains some vital nutrients such as protein content 0.646 mg/100g and 0.586 mg/100g in sweet and sour types respectively and sweet type fruit contains a higher concentration of K, Fe, and Ca, while sour fruits are rich in Mg. Anti-nutrient compounds like tannins and oxalic acid found higher concentration in sour type compared to sweet type fruits, but the proportion of oxalic acid found to reduce after processing through pasteurization of fruit nectar. GCMS analysis of fatty acid in carambola revealed the presence of vaccenic acid (omega-7 fatty acid), palmitic acid and sweet type fruits showed higher quantities for omega-3 and omega-6 essential fatty acids. Polyphenols like phenolic acids and flavonoids were analysed by HPLC, sour type fruits exhibited higher composition of quercetin, followed by gallic acid. Evidence obtained in this experiment depicts the antioxidant property and nutritional potentiality of the fruit.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF PROTEIN ENRICHED JAMUN (Syzygium cumini Skeels) FRUIT BAR
    (University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. (College of Horticulture, Bengaluru)., 2020-12) B. LAVANYA; G. J. SURESHA; TIWARI, R. B.; R. VENUGOPALAN; K. B. SURESHA; G. K. SADANANDA
    Jamun is an important underutilized fruit crop of commercial value. Jamun production is increasing every year due to its nutritive and medicinal values. Fruit bar is a confectionery product prepared by dehydration of fruit pulps with added ingredients. Nutritionally, fruit bar is low in protein content, food enrichment or fortification is the most cost-effective and sustainable strategy to overcome the issue of malnutrition. Whey protein concentrate is a high quality protein source obtained from cow’s milk, is being touted as a functional food. The present investigation was carried out with an aim to enrich the jamun fruit bar with whey protein concentrate at different proportions. Physico-chemcial parameters and sensory qualities of the fruit bar were performed for one-month storage period. Jamun fruit bar was prepared by mixing jamun pulp with different levels of whey protein concentrate (1, 2 and 3%), pectin (0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 %) and sugar (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 %). Further, the mixture was dried at 60°C for 6h in tray dehydrator. Response surface methodology was used for optimizing the ingredient levels. Sensory evaluation (descriptive and 9-point Hedonic scale) of fruit bar prepared with 3 per cent whey protein concentrate, 1 per cent pectin and 7.5 per cent sugar had recorded maximum sensory scores. The fruit bar with same composition registered 16.41 per cent moisture content, 0.53 water activity, 16.00 mg 100g -1 ascorbic acid, 71.13 per cent total carbohydrates, 44.06 per cent total sugars, 0.19 per cent fat, 9.11 per cent total protein, 172.83 mg 100g-1 total anthocyanin content, 598.08 mg GAE 100g-1 total phenolic content, 87.79 mg AAE 100g1 total antioxidant activity. Benefit: Cost ratio of protein enriched jamun fruit bar was 2.0:1.0. The product is microbiologically safe after 30 days of storage.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    VARIABILITY STUDIES AND VALUE ADDITION IN GOMPHRENA (Gomphrena globosa L.)
    (University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. (College of Horticulture, Bengaluru)., 2021-01) T. SUPRITHA; AMREEN TAJ; P. M. MUNIKRISHNAPPA; M. SHIVAPRIYA; C. G. SANGEETHA
    An experiment entitled “Variability studies and value addition in gomphrena (Gomphrena globosa L.)” was carried out during 2019-2020 in the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Bengaluru using randomized complete block design and was replicated thrice. Among twelve genotypes evaluated, maximum plant height (48.33 cm) was recorded in the genotype AGS-5 and early flowering and 50 per cent flowering were recorded in the genotypes AGS-6 and AGS-14 (8.83 and 18.51 days respectively). Maximum flowering duration of 184.00 days and petiole length (10.29 cm) was recorded in AGS-3-4, maximum flower diameter (1.83 cm) and flower yield per plant on weight basis (487.27 g) was recorded in AGS-4. In variability studies, high GCV and PCV recorded for all the traits except for shelf life and flower head diameter. In correlation studies, flower yield per plant had positive correlation for plant height, plant spread in North-South direction, plant spread in EastWest direction, number of secondary branches, days to 50 per cent flowering, duration of flowering, flower head diameter, flower petiole length and shelf life. In path analysis, plant spread in both N-S and E-W direction followed by days to first flowering, flower head diameter, flower petiole length, shelf life and individual flower weight showed direct positive effect on yield per plant. Value addition was done using factorial CRD with four replications. Hot air oven drying retains colour and took minimum time for drying gomphrena flowers. Hence this method is advantageous over air drying. Treatment combination of Gomphrena globosa ‘Magenta’ with oven drying exhibited highest sensory score for colour (20.53), texture (16.78), shape (20.98) and overall acceptability (20.33).
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF CARROT (Daucus carota L.) GENOTYPES FOR ROOT YIELD, QUALITY AND PROCESSING
    (University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot.(College of Horticulture, Bengaluru)., 2021-01) K. S. SHARATH KUMAR; H. AMARANANJUNDESWARA; M. ANJANAPPA; R. VEERE GOWDA; K. R. VASUDEVA; B. DODDABASAPPA; P. S. PRASAD
    A field investigation was carried out during the Rabi season of 2019-20 at Division of Vegetable Crops, ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru. An experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with twenty five genotypes collected from different sources were evaluated in two replications. Crops growth, yield and quality attributes under field experiment was revealed a significant difference, thus indicating the existence of variation among the genotypes. For the yield characters UHSB C-76, UHSB C-32-1, UHSB C-23-1 and Pusa Rudhira were performed better with maximum root weight (117.60, 116.70, 103.80 and 111.00 g), root yield per plot (13.35, 13.29, 13.15 and13.05 kg/plot) and root yield per hectare (22.55, 22.26, 22.05 and 21.20 t/ha), respectively. The root length, root width and core diameter were recorded highest in the genotypes UHSB C-3-1(17.75, 4.16 and 1.66 cm respectively). The highest TSS was registered in genotype UHSB C-44-3-1(9.00 0B). Whereas, maximum dry matter content was noticed in UHSB C-44-3-1 (15.60 %). The genotypes UHSB C-32-1 and UHSB C-44-3-1 were registered with maximum reducing sugar of 2.48 and 2.45 per cent, respectively. The maximum non-reducing and total sugars were indicated in the genotype UHSB C-44-3-1 that was 1.86 and 4.30 per cent respectively. Among different genotypes, the highest ß-carotene and total carotenoids were recorded in UHSB C-44-3-1 (4.95 and 8.98 mg/100g, respectively). The highest total anti-oxidant per cent recorded in Pusa Asita (12.38 %). In minimally processing, it was found that the carrot genotypes UHSB C-44-3-1, UHSB C76, UHSB C-23-1 and Arka Suraj were retained the freshness, microbially safe and acceptable after 14 days of storage. Carrot genotypes took 8 to10 hours for drying in cabinate dryer and 10 to 15 days in solar drying. However, mean sensory scores of dehydrated carrots for parameters like colour and appearance, taste and overall acceptability were maximum in the cabinate dried roots. The genotypes UHSB C-76 and UHSB C-44-3-1 were scored highest mean sensory scores in dehydrated products. In considering the performance of different genotypes with respect to growth, yield, quality and processing traits the genotypes UHSB C-76, UHSB C-44-3-1, Arka Suraj, UHSB C32-1 and UHSB C-23-1 were found to be best suited for cultivation in Bengaluru rural district comes under Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF BIOSTIMULANTS ON FLORIBUNDA ROSE CV. MIRABEL
    (University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. (Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi)., 2021-04) MASANE, PRAVEEN T.; PATIL, SATEESH R.; PATIL, B. C.; G. K. SEETHARAMU; D. L. RUDRESH; P. PAVANKUMAR
    The present investigation on “Effect of bio-stimulants on floribunda rose cv. Mirabel” was carried out during the year 2019-20 at the experimental block of Horticulture Research and Extension Centre, Hidkal Dam, (University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot). The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with six bio-stimulants (Panchagavya, Jeevamrutha, Amruthpani, Cowurine, Humic acid and Biovita) and their combinations at two different concentrations as treatments replicated twice. Biostimulants significantly influenced on vegetative parameters like plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, plant spread (E-W and N-S), stem girth and leaf area of the plant. Among the different treatments T14 (Panchagavya 2% + Jeevamrutha 400 litres / ha + Humic acid 2% + Biovita 2% + Cow urine 10%) had recorded maximum plant height (82.25cm), number of primary and secondary branches (6.03 and 22.00 respectively), plant spread in East-West and North-South direction (81.45 cm and 82.44 cm respectively), stem girth (19.77 mm) and leaf area (839.37 cm2 ). The flowering parameters as influenced by biostimulants were days taken for emergence of bud to bloom initiation, days taken for 50 per cent flowering and days taken for bloom initiation to full blooming. Among the different biostimulants T14 (Panchagavya 2% + Jeevamrutha 400 litres / ha + Humic acid 2% + Biovita 2% + Cow urine 10%) had recorded earliness for emergence of bud to bloom initiation (3.50 days), 50 per cent flowering (47.41 days) and days for bloom initiation to full blooming (31 days). Yield parameters such as number of flowers per plant (58.60), cumulative flower yield per plant (145.33 g) and hundred flowers weight (296.44 g) were recorded highest in the treatment T14 (Panchagavya 2% + Jeevamrutha 400 litres / ha + Humic acid 2% + Biovita 2% + Cow urine 10%). The qualitative parameters such as flower diameter (5.40 cm) and shelf life (4 days) were observed maximum under the T14 treatment. From the study it is concluded that foliar application of T14 (Panchagavya 2% + Jeevamrutha 400 litres / ha + Humic acid 2% + Biovita 2% + Cowurine 10%) treatment found superior for growth, yield and quality parameters of floribunda rose cv. Mirabel as compared to all other treatments.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MOMORDICA SPECIES
    (University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. (Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi)., 2021-02) K. N. CHINTHAN; RATHOD, VIJAYAKUMAR.; HANCHINAMANI, C. N.; NISHANI, SANDHYARANI.; A. M. DILEEPKUMAR; BHAT, AMRUTA S.
    The investigation on “Morphological and biochemical characterization of Momordica species” was undertaken between June 2019 to September 2019 at Department of Vegetable Science, Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi. The study was undertaken to elicit information on the nature of variability, correlation, path analysis and diversity studies on component characters with yield in Momordica charantia genotypes. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for both yield attributing and biochemical parameters. High PCV and GCV were recorded for parameters like total yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit length and all biochemical traits. Heritability estimates were high for both morphological and biochemical parameters. Most of all the yield attributing traits and biochemical parameters showed high genetic advance over mean with high heritability. Correlation studies revealed positive and significant association with pulp thickness, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, seed length, fruit diameter and phosphorous with total yield per plant both at genotypic and phenotypic level. The path co-efficient analysis for yield revealed that seed length, leaf area, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight had direct effect on yield. The genetic divergence studies for morphological characters using D2 statistics grouped the 33 genotypes into 5 distinct clusters. The cluster I constituted maximum number of genotypes. The cluster II showed maximum intra-cluster diversity (D2 =866.38). Inter-cluster divergence was maximum between cluster I and V followed by cluster II and IV. The genetic divergence studies using D2 statistics grouped the 17 genotypes of five Momordica species based on quality characters into four clusters. Downy mildew disease incidence ranged from 9.83 to 69.77. Madhavadhara Local belonging to the species Momordica charantia var. muricate was recorded as the best resistant genotype. Ludhiana Local, Preethi, Kerala Local, Vizag Local and Faizabad Local were the most promising genotypes.