GENETICAL STUDY FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS AND FERTILITY RESTORATION USING MALE STERILE LINES IN RICE. (ORYZA SATIVA L.)

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Date
2013-06
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Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari
Abstract
In the present investigation, information regarding identification of effective restorer identified for new CMS lines, magnitude of heterosis, estimates of combining ability, nature of gene action, G x E interactions and stability parameters were gathered for grain yield plant-1 and thirteen other traits using line x tester analysis involving four females, twenty three males and their resultant ninety two crosses and two checks evaluated at three locations during kharif-2011. Among 23 high yielding varieties/ promising lines, 19 genotypes were identified as common restorers with all the four CMS lines. GR-6 was identified as effective maintainer for IR-58025A CMS lines showing that absence of restoring gene (s) for restorations of fertility for this male sterile cytoplasmic sources. Significant differences were noticed among genotypes, parents and hybrids for all the characters studied. Significance of parents vs. hybrids comparison showed existence of overall heterosis. Significance of parents x locations and hybrids x locations interactions suggested that parents and hybrids interacted differently with different environments. A considerable degree of heterosis in desired direction was manifested by many hybrids over better parent and two standard checks viz., NAUR-1 and PRH-10 in respect of grain yield plant-1 and various component traits. Significant positive heterotic effects and high per se performance with regards to grain yield plant-1 were recorded by the hybrids, IR-58025A x GR-7, RTN-3A x GR-7 and IR-58025A x GR-3. Total twenty, eight and four hybrids exhibited significant positive heterosis over better parent, NAUR-1 (SC-I) and PRH-10 (SC-II) for grain yield plant-1. High yielding hybrids, IR-58025A x GR-7, RTN-3A x GR-7 and IR-58025A x GR-3 also exhibited significant positive sca effect for grain yield plant-1. The highest sca effects in desired direction for number of filled spikelets panicle-1 was exhibited by cross IR-580253A x GR-7. Combining ability analysis revealed importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components for most of the traits. However, relatively high magnitude of sca variances for the traits viz., days to 50% flowering, grain yield plant-1, straw yield plant-1, pollen fertility, spikelet fertility, L:B ratio and amylose content indicated preponderance of non-additive components of genetic variance. The sca variances were found to be influenced by the environmental fluctuations for most of the traits while as gca variances influenced by the environmental changes in few of the traits as evident from difference in ratio of gca/ sca to gca x locations / sca x locations. Among females, IR-58025B and among males, GR-3, GR-7, Jaya, NVSR-178, IR-28 and IR-63879-195-2-2-3-2 exhibited high gca effects for grain yield plant-1 and were observed as good general combiner for yield and most of its contributing characters and these may be utilized in further breeding programme. The crosses with high sca effects were in general combinations of parents with good x good and good x poor or good x average gca effects. The frequency of good x good was observed more. This was represented in best three hybrids for grain yield plant-1 viz., IR-58025A x GR-7 (good x good), RTN-3A x GR-7 (average x good) and IR-58025A x GR-3 (good x good) had significant desired sca effects and significant desired heterotic response over better parent as well as both standard checks. Among top 10 hybrids, five hybrids viz., IR-58025A x GR-7, RTN-3A x GR-7, IR-58025A x GR-3, RTN-13A x GR-7 and RTN-13A x GR-3 exhibited one of their parents found to be good combiners. The analysis of variance of phenotypic stability indicated significant G x E interaction for all the traits when tested against pooled error except productive tillers plant-1, kernel L:B ratio and protein content. Also the G x E interaction (linear) component was significant for all the traits when tested against pooled error except productive tillers plant-1, kernel L:B ratio and protein content. Pooled deviation was significant for all the characters except days to 50% flowering, productive tillers plant-1, panicle length, kernel L: B ratio, 1000-grain weight and protein content when tested against pooled error suggesting importance of both linear and nonlinear components in building up total G x E interaction. The best three high yielding and stable hybrids over environments for grain yield plant-1, were IR-58025A x GR-7, RTN-3A x GR-7 and IR-58025A x GR-3. The hybrid, IR-58025A x GR-7 was found to be most stable for productive tillers plant-1, panicle length, grains panicle, grain yield plant-1, harvest index, pollen fertility, and spikelet fertility. On the basis of per se performance, heterotic response, combining ability estimates, nature of gene action and stability parameters for grain yield plant-1 and yield attributing traits, cross combination, IR-58025A x GR-7 was found to be the most promising and may be exploited commercially after rigorous evaluation.
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hybrids, yields, grain, heterosis, environment, rice, planting, biological phenomena, crossing over, animal husbandry
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