GENETICAL STUDY FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS AND FERTILITY RESTORATION USING MALE STERILE LINES IN RICE. (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
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Date
2013-06
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Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari
Abstract
In the present investigation, information regarding identification
of effective restorer identified for new CMS lines, magnitude of heterosis,
estimates of combining ability, nature of gene action, G x E interactions and
stability parameters were gathered for grain yield plant-1 and thirteen other
traits using line x tester analysis involving four females, twenty three males
and their resultant ninety two crosses and two checks evaluated at three
locations during kharif-2011.
Among 23 high yielding varieties/ promising lines, 19 genotypes
were identified as common restorers with all the four CMS lines. GR-6 was
identified as effective maintainer for IR-58025A CMS lines showing that absence
of restoring gene (s) for restorations of fertility for this male sterile cytoplasmic
sources.
Significant differences were noticed among genotypes, parents
and hybrids for all the characters studied. Significance of parents vs. hybrids
comparison showed existence of overall heterosis. Significance of parents x
locations and hybrids x locations interactions suggested that parents and
hybrids interacted differently with different environments. A considerable
degree of heterosis in desired direction was manifested by many hybrids over
better parent and two standard checks viz., NAUR-1 and PRH-10 in respect of
grain yield plant-1 and various component traits. Significant positive heterotic
effects and high per se performance with regards to grain yield plant-1 were
recorded by the hybrids, IR-58025A x GR-7, RTN-3A x GR-7 and IR-58025A
x GR-3. Total twenty, eight and four hybrids exhibited significant positive
heterosis over better parent, NAUR-1 (SC-I) and PRH-10 (SC-II) for grain
yield plant-1.
High yielding hybrids, IR-58025A x GR-7, RTN-3A x GR-7 and
IR-58025A x GR-3 also exhibited significant positive sca effect for grain yield
plant-1. The highest sca effects in desired direction for number of filled
spikelets panicle-1 was exhibited by cross IR-580253A x GR-7.
Combining ability analysis revealed importance of both additive
and non-additive genetic components for most of the traits. However, relatively
high magnitude of sca variances for the traits viz., days to 50% flowering,
grain yield plant-1, straw yield plant-1, pollen fertility, spikelet fertility, L:B
ratio and amylose content indicated preponderance of non-additive components
of genetic variance.
The sca variances were found to be influenced by the environmental
fluctuations for most of the traits while as gca variances influenced by the
environmental changes in few of the traits as evident from difference in ratio of
gca/ sca to gca x locations / sca x locations.
Among females, IR-58025B and among males, GR-3, GR-7, Jaya,
NVSR-178, IR-28 and IR-63879-195-2-2-3-2 exhibited high gca effects for
grain yield plant-1 and were observed as good general combiner for yield and
most of its contributing characters and these may be utilized in further
breeding programme.
The crosses with high sca effects were in general combinations of
parents with good x good and good x poor or good x average gca effects. The
frequency of good x good was observed more. This was represented in best three
hybrids for grain yield plant-1 viz., IR-58025A x GR-7 (good x good), RTN-3A x
GR-7 (average x good) and IR-58025A x GR-3 (good x good) had significant
desired sca effects and significant desired heterotic response over better parent as
well as both standard checks. Among top 10 hybrids, five hybrids viz., IR-58025A
x GR-7, RTN-3A x GR-7, IR-58025A x GR-3, RTN-13A x GR-7 and RTN-13A x
GR-3 exhibited one of their parents found to be good combiners.
The analysis of variance of phenotypic stability indicated significant
G x E interaction for all the traits when tested against pooled error except
productive tillers plant-1, kernel L:B ratio and protein content. Also the G x E
interaction (linear) component was significant for all the traits when tested against
pooled error except productive tillers plant-1, kernel L:B ratio and protein content.
Pooled deviation was significant for all the characters except days to 50%
flowering, productive tillers plant-1, panicle length, kernel L: B ratio, 1000-grain
weight and protein content when tested against pooled error suggesting
importance of both linear and nonlinear components in building up total G x E
interaction.
The best three high yielding and stable hybrids over environments for grain
yield plant-1, were IR-58025A x GR-7, RTN-3A x GR-7 and IR-58025A x GR-3.
The hybrid, IR-58025A x GR-7 was found to be most stable for productive tillers
plant-1, panicle length, grains panicle, grain yield plant-1, harvest index, pollen
fertility, and spikelet fertility.
On the basis of per se performance, heterotic response,
combining ability estimates, nature of gene action and stability parameters for
grain yield plant-1 and yield attributing traits, cross combination, IR-58025A x
GR-7 was found to be the most promising and may be exploited commercially
after rigorous evaluation.
Description
Keywords
hybrids, yields, grain, heterosis, environment, rice, planting, biological phenomena, crossing over, animal husbandry