Heterosis and combining ability study for high yield in maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids
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Date
2013
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Deptt. of Plant Breeeding & Genetics, BAU, Sabour
Abstract
The present study was conducted at the field of maize section, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur. The investigation was based on per se performance, combining ability and heterosis of exotic lines and their single cross hybrids with a view to know the performance of the parents and F1(crosses). The Line x Tester analysis was carried out involving 9 exotic lines and 4 testers (Tulbulia local, BML6, BML7, Suwan). Each line was crossed on to each of the tester during kharif 2012. The evaluation trial of crosses and parents was conducted during rabi 2012-13. The experimental material consisted of 36 F1’s and two checks, namely DHM-117 and Shaktiman-3. The trial was sown on the 22nd November, 2012 in randomized block design with 3 replications. Data was recorded on 10 quantitative characters including reproductive traits, grain yield and yield attributing traits.
The estimates of variance component revealed that variance due to SCA was more pronounced than variance due to GCA for all the characters under study, indicating the importance of non-additive type of gene action for the expression for those characters. The GCA effect for grain yield revealed that line L2 was the best general combiner followed by L6, L4, L3 and L7. Among 36 crosses, the crosses, L4 x T4, L2 x T2 and L6 x T2 showed more than 15% heterosis for grain yield.
Thus, it was concluded that the cross L4 x T4, L2 x T2 and L6 x T2 were the best crosses and found suitable for higher yield on the basis of mean performance, SCA effect and heterotic effect for grain yield and other yield attributing characters.
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Keywords
crossing over, yields, grain, heterosis, biological phenomena, maize, hybrids, planting, silk, genetics