Pheno-physiological and bioactive attributes of commercial Indian mango cultivarc
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Date
2014
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Department of Horticulture (Fruit & Fruit Technology), BAU, Sabour
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important tropical and sub-tropical fruit belongs to the family anacardiaceae. Bihar has the wider adaptability of mango cultivars rich in bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid, polyphenols, carotenoids and receiving increased attention because of their potential antioxidant activity. Evaluation of the Indian mango cultivars for their bioactive compounds from health point of view, under Bihar condition has very meagrely done. Therefore, the present investigation was done (i) to evaluate different Indian mango cultivars grown in Bihar for tree pheno-physiology and fruit physico-chemical quality attributes and (ii) to estimate the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of Indian mango cultivars. Twenty mango cultivars grown in different regions of India were selected to conduct the experiment during the year 2012-13. All the cultivars were performed well under Sabour conditions in context to phenological, physiological and fruit quality. On the basis of data recorded on time of panicle emergence (TPE) it can be concluded that East Indian cultivar Bombay was the earliest and West Indian Fernandin was the latest among the all cultivars evaluated at Sabour condition. Length of panicle was found maximum and minimum in cultivar Baneshan (38.37 cm) and Vanraj (21.23 cm) respectively. South Indian cultivar Suvarnarekha took minimum time for the 50% flowering from the TPE however, the North Indian cultivar took maximum time. Bombay (East Indian cultivar) took the minimum (22.67 days) and Langra (North Indian) took the maximum (37.33 days) period of TPE to full bloom. In case of duration of fruit set to maturity, again Bombay (90.33 days) matured in shortest duration whereas, Chausa (142.33 days) had the longest duration. Physiological parameters like leaf area, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were found highest in East Indian cultivar Fazli while the lowest values were recorded in East Indian cultivar Bombay. The total chlorophyll content was found maximum in cultivars Langra and Fernandin (2.62 mg/g) and the minimum was in Mulgoa (1.88 mg/g). In case of fruit weight, West Indian cultivar Vanraj was the heaviest i.e. 735.33 g and South Indian cultivar Neelum was light weighted fruit i.e. 168.33 g. Cultivar Mulgoa was recorded the maximum peel stone ratio however it was minimum in Zardalu. The highest TSS content was found in North Indian cultivar Chausa (23.90 °Brix) and lowest was in West Indian cultivar Banglora (18.00 °Brix). Titratable acidity was recorded maximum in West Indian cultivar Kesar (0.35%) and minimum in Alphonso. Cultivar Langra was recorded to contain highest amount of ascorbic acid (114.81 mg/100 g) whereas, Mallika (20.10 mg/100 g) was recorded the lowest. The maximum total carotenoids content (5.81 mg/100 g FW) was recorded in North Indian cultivar Dashehari which was highest among the all cultvars. Total phenolics content (830.00 µg GAE/g FW) and total antioxidant activity (4.43 µmol Trolox equiv./g FW) was noted highest in West Indian cultivar Alphonso whereas North Indian cultivar Chausa had lowest phenolics content (619.67 µg GAE/g FW) as well as antioxidant activity (2.45 µmol Trolox equiv./g FW).