Assessment of Agro-morphological performance and genetic parameters in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
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Date
2023
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SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT - 250 110 (U.P.), INDIA
Abstract
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, (U.P.), India.
Name- Ms. Kosh Mahajan Id. No.- PG/A - 3816/21
Degree- MSc.(Ag.) Genetics and Plant Breeding Department- GPB
Major- Genetics and Plant Breeding Minor- Agricultural Biotechnology
Thesis Title- “Assessment of Agro-morphological performance and genetic parameters in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
ABSTRACT
An experiment was carried out with thirty genotypes to assess variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, principal component analysis, path coefficient analysis and genetic divergence in rice during Kharif season 2022 at Technology Park of S.V.P.U.A.&T., Meerut. Observations were recorded for morphological traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, panicle length, grain per panicle, biological yield per plant, harvest index, test weight and grain yield per plant. Analysis of variance found significant differences for all ten traits studied in thirty rice genotypes, indicating sufficient variability among the material used in the present study. High GCV and PCV (>20%) were observed for number of effective tillers per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance percent of mean was observed by grain per panicle, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, biological yield per plant, panicle length, harvest index and grain yield per plant indicating that these traits are governed by additive gene effects and direct selection for this trait may be useful. Grain yield exhibited significant and positive correlation with test weight, plant height, grain per panicle, biological yield per plant, panicle length, number of effective tillers per plant and days to maturity at phenotypic as well as genotypic level indicating that these characters would be helpful in the genetic improvement. Genotypic correlation coefficients were of higher in magnitude than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients which might be due to masking or modifying effect of environment. The path analysis revealed that the traits biological yield per plant, harvest index, grain per panicle, test weight, panicle length, days to 50 % flowering, number of effective tillers per plant had high significant positive direct effect on yield. This could be considered as a good selection criteria for yield improvement. Thirty genotypes were divided into seven clusters. Cluster IV had the maximum intra-cluster distance. The maximum inter-cluster distance was found between cluster-VII and cluster III indicating a large genetic diversity. Thus, crossing between genotypes such as Pusa Basmati-1509, VB-21 and Sugandha-3 belonging to Cluster III and CSR-23 belonging to Cluster VII is suggested to get more heterotic populations and transgressive segregants in rice. Therefore, in future breeding programmes, the genotypes which possess the most valuable traits should be incorporated to develop early and high yielding varieties in rice.
Dr. Pooran Chand Kosh Mahajan
(Advisor) (Author)