Evaluation and identification of climate resilient interspecific and intergeneric sugarcane hybrid clones for water logging tolerance
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Date
2023
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RPCAU, Pusa
Abstract
A research trial was carried out at the Kalyanpur Research Farm, R.P.C.A.U., Bihar, Pusa, Samastipur, involving 21 climate resilient sugarcane clones along with three established check varieties. The experiment encompassed both waterlogged and normal conditions and was structured using an ALPHA design within 2 replications.
The research study focused on evaluating sugarcane genotypes under waterlogging and normal conditions to understand their performance and identify climate-resilient clones for potential breeding and selection programs. The analysis included an exploration of variance, calculation of Genotypic and Phenotypic coefficients of variation, assessment of genetic advance percent of means and, heritability and ranking of genotypes based on selection indices and criteria.
Under waterlogging conditions, significant differences among genotypes were observed for the studied traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variance exhibited higher variability compared to genotypic coefficient of variation. Traits such as germination percentage at 45 days after planting (DAP), tillers at 90 DAP, shoot numbers before and after waterlogging, single cane weight, brix percentages, cane yield, and many others exhibited significant heritability along with a substantial increase in genetic advance percentage over the means. Positive correlations were found between yield of the cane (t/ha) and attributes like commercial cane sugar (CCS) content, single cane weight, germination, tillers, and various height and diameter measurements. Conversely, cane yield was negatively correlated with fiber percentage. Based on a selection index and the evaluation of three criteria, ISH 512, ISH 567, ISH 584, ISH 587, and ISH 590 were identified as the most suitable clones under waterlogging conditions. These genotypes show potential for further breeding programs and selection efforts to develop sugarcane varieties resilient to waterlogging stress.
In the normal field conditions, noticeable variations were also noted among different genotypes concerning the evaluated characteristics. The phenotypic variability index exceeded the genotypic variability index, suggesting that environmental factors contributed more to the overall variability. Traits such as single cane weight, number of millable canes, cane yield, germination at 45 DAP, tillers at 90 DAP, and sucrose percentage at 10 months demonstrated considerable heritability coupled with a genetic advance percentage ranging from moderate to substantial relative to the means. Positive correlations were established between yield of the cane and attributes such as shoot numbers after waterlogging, cane height at harvest, count of aerial root nodes and brix percentage at 10 months., CCS content, and CCS (t/ha) at harvest. Based on the selection index and criteria assessment, ISH 512, ISH 584, ISH 587, and ISH 590 were identified as the most suitable clones under normal field conditions.
This comprehensive research provides information regarding the performance of sugarcane genotypes under varying conditions and identifies promising clones for on-coming selection and breeding programs. The identified clones may be further utilized for breeding programmes and waterlogging tolerant varieties maybe developed from these clones.