INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN KABULI CHICKPEA
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Date
2024-08-22
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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Lam, Guntur
Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Integrated weed management in kabuli chickpea” was conducted during rabi 2022-2023 on clay soils at the Agricultural college farm, Bapatla of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eleven treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of T1 : Weedy check, T2: Hand weeding at 15 DAS and 30 DAS, T3: Butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE, T4: Butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb Sodium Acifluorfen @ 160 g + Clodinafop Propargyl @ 80 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 30 DAS, T5: Butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb Fomesafen @ 110 g + Fluazifop-p-butyl @ 110 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 30 DAS, T6: Butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb Topramezone @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 30 DAS, T7: Butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb Quizalofop ethyl @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 30 DAS, T8: Butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb Hand weeding at 30 DAS, T9: Butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb Intercultivation at 30 DAS, T10 : Intercultivation at 15 DAS and 30 DAS, T11 : Hand weeding at 15 DAS fb Intercultivation at 30 DAS. The chickpea variety used in the experiment was NBeG-119.
Chickpea crop was sown on well prepared experimental plot. The crop was supplied with recommended dose of 20 kg N, 50 kg P2O5 and 40 kg K2O fertilizers as basal. Application of both pre emergence and post emergence herbicides were done as per the treatments. Pre emergence herbicide was sprayed to the respective treatments on the next day of sowing. Post emergence herbicides were sprayed on 30th day after sowing on actively growing weeds as a blanket spray. Hand weeding and Intercultivation were done to the respective treatments. Plant protection measures were taken as per the recommendations of ANGRAU. The data on plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1, dry matter production (g m-2), crop growth rate, relative growth rate, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, test weight (g), seed and haulm yield (kg ha-1) and
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harvest index (%) were recorded as per standard procedures. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and the significance was tested by Fisher's least significance difference.
The predominant weed species observed in the experimental plot were grasses like Cynodon dactylon, Dinebra retroflexa, Dactylactenium aegyptium and Chloris barbata, sedge (Cyperus rotundus) and broad leaved weeds like Trichodesma indicum, Cleome viscosa, Digera arvensis, Phyllanthus niruri, Parthenium hysterophorus, Euphorbia hirta, Chrozophera rottleri and Physalis minima.
Lower density and dry weight of weeds were observed with all the weed management practices over the weedy check. The density and dry weight of weeds recorded with hand weeding at 15 DAS and 30DAS was on par with butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb hand weeding at 30 DAS. Among the herbicide combinations, butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb topramezone @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 30 DAS performed better throughout the crop growth period than other treatments.
All the herbicide combinations, except for quizalofop ethyl, showed phytotoxic effect on the chickpea crop. Butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb sodium acifluorfen @ 160 g + clodinafop propargyl @ 80 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 30 DAS caused slight phytotoxicity and the crop recovered within 7-14 days after spraying. In butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb fomesafen @ 110 g + fluazifop-p-butyl @ 110 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 30 DAS treatments the crop recovered within 14-21 days after spraying.
All the growth, yield attributes and yield were found superior in hand weeding at 15 DAS and 30 DAS and butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb hand weeding at 30 DAS over rest of the treatments, whereas, 77.5 % yield reduction was noticed in weedy check treatment. Among the herbicide combinations studied, butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb sodium acifluorfen @ 160 g + clodinafop propargyl @ 80 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 30 DAS was found superior and on par with butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb fomesafen @ 110 g + fluazifop-p-butyl @ 110 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 30 DAS.
Hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS recorded higher gross returns (Rs.1,56,668 ha-1) but higher net returns were obtained with butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb hand weeding at 30 DAS (Rs. 1,04,783 ha-1) as hand weeding twice was expensive. Higher benefit cost ratio observed with butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb intercultivation at 30 DAS (2.23).
Thus, the present investigation clearly revealed that butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb hand weeding at 30 DAS is the best integrated weed management practice for better weed control and monetary terms. Among the herbicide combinations, butachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb sodium acifluorfen @ 160 g + clodinafop propargyl @ 80 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 30 DAS was found to be superior.