A Clinical appraisal of the orthopaedic conditions of coxofemoral joints in dogs
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Date
2024-04-06
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Publisher
CSK HPKV, Palampur
Abstract
The study was conducted to diagnose and manage the conditions of coxofemoral (CF) joints
in dogs and to record its regional hospital occurrence. During the study period, 61 dogs
were diagnosed with CF joint conditions with the incidence rate of 3.07%. The conditions
were broadly classified into ‘Fractures’ (13) and the ‘Other conditions’ (48). Among the CF
fractures, the standalone involvement of femoral head and neck was observed in 8,
acetabulum in 4 and simultaneous femoral neck and acetabulum in 1 dog. In ‘Other
conditions’ category, the CF luxations was observed in 14 dogs, Canine Hip Dysplasia
(CHD) in 33 and CF tumours in 1. The properly positioned radiographs of dogs above 1
year of age diagnosed with CHD were subjected to hip scoring as per British Veterinary
Association/Kennel Club (BVA/KC) guidelines. BVA/KC takes in to account 9 different
anatomical parameters while scoring hip joints so, it is a more precise and effective method
of diagnosing CHD. Management of coxofemoral joint conditions was done either surgically
or conservatively. Surgical correction of femoral head and neck fracture was done in 7 CF
joints of 5 dogs. Triple pinning was performed in 4 instances and excision of femoral head
and neck in 3. Though, interfragmentary compression cannot be achieved but fixation of
femoral head and neck fractures by triple pinning was considered an effective method in
providing adequate fixation at site to bring about fracture healing. The conservative
management of fresh cases of CF luxations was done by closed reduction and Slocum sling
application. Surgically reduction and fixation of CF luxation was done using Toggle pinning
technique. Closed reduction of CF luxations was considered suitable only for fresh cases in
co-operative animals in remaining cases toggle pinning was considered an effective
method. Femoral head osteotomy was performed in cases where the femoral head was
damaged beyond repair. The conservative management of Canine Hip Dysplasia improved
the clinical signs to some extent but it did not halt the progression of the disease.