CLINICO-DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON ANAPLASMOSIS IN BUFFALOES
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Date
2024-03
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Abstract
The present study entitled “Clinico-diagnostic and therapeutic studies on
anaplasmosis in buffaloes” was taken up to record the occurrence, clinical signs, haemato
biochemical alterations and to evaluate suitable therapeutic regimen in buffaloes affected
with anaplasmosis in and around Gannavaram during the period from March 2023 to
November 2023. The overall occurrence of anaplasmosis recorded in the present study
was 29.17 per cent with respect to the total number of buffaloes screened. Occurrence of
anaplasmosis with respect to age, gender and breed revealed highest per cent occurrence
in buffaloes of ≥7 years, females and Graded Murrah buffaloes respectively.
Diagnosis of anaplasmosis was done based on clinical signs, examination of
Leishman’s-stained blood smears and PCR. Clinical signs recorded include inappetence
to anorexia, paleness of mucous membrane, icterus, reduced milk yield, fever, lymph
node enlargement, emaciation, dyspnoea, diarrhoea, ocular discharges, brown coloured
urine and/or abortions. Examination of Leishman’s-stained blood smear revealed
Anaplasma marginale organism as dense, uniformly pigmented blue-purple inclusions
near the margin of erythrocytes. Molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale was done
by PCR which revealed an expected amplicon size of 457 bp. In the present study, PCR
was found to be ideal for the diagnosis of anaplasmosis.
Clinical examination revealed significant increase in mean temperature,
respiratory rate and heart rate in animals affected with anaplasmosis when compared with
healthy control group while the ruminal motility was decreased significantly.
Haematological examination in buffaloes affected with anaplasmosis revealed
significant decrease in mean Hb, PCV and TEC count while TLC showed non-significant
decrease. Leucogram revealed neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia and eosinophilia. Serum
biochemical examination revealed significant increase in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP,
globulin and total bilirubin while glucose and albumin decreased significantly as against
healthy control.
Therapeutic trial was undertaken in 19 out of 21 buffaloes diagnosed as
anaplasmosis, by randomly dividing them into two groups with 10 in Group I and 9 in
Group II. Group I animals were treated with oxytetracycline for 5 days while Group II
animals were treated with imidocarb twice with an interval of one week. In animals of
both the groups, single dose of ivermectin was administered. Supportive therapy was
continued with Syrup 3D red, Syrup E care Se and Livotas suspension for a period of 21
days. Both the therapeutic regimens were proven to be efficacious in the treatment of
anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma marginale based on resolution of clinical signs and
improvement in the haemato-biochemical parameters. However, imidocarb could be
preferred because of less average clinical recovery time when compared to
oxytetracycline.