Response of Groundnut Cultivars to Lime, Phosphorus and Spacing under Rained Condition
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Date
1997
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop contributing 60% of the total edible oil production in India. Two sets of field experiments i.e. (1) "Effect of inter and intrarow spacings on pod yield of new evolved groundnut cultivar and (ii) "Effect of lime, phosphorus and cultivars the yield of groundnut" were conducted at University Farm, Ranchi for two consecutive years during Kharif season of 1994 and on 1995. The first set of experiment was conducted in split plot design with two cultivars (BG-3 and Birsa bold-1) in main plot and interrow (30, 40 and 50 cm), intrarow (10, 15 and 20 cm) spacing in sub-plots with three replication. Fertilizer application @ 28 kg N, 40 kg Pals and 30 kg Kao hat was given to each treatment. The second set of experiment was also conducted in split plot design with two cultivars (BG-3 and Birsa bold-1) in main plot and levels of lime (2 and 3 q hat) and phosphorus (8, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg Pals ha) in sub-plots with three replication. Besides this, 20 kg N and 40 kg ko ha was given as a basal to each treatment.
Results of the experiment first showed that pod yield of groundnut was significantly influenced by inter and intrarow spacings while cultivars did not differ significantly with each other. Pooled analysis of data showed that pod yield of groundnut at 40 cm (2178.61 kg ha) was 9.28 and 14.36% higher than that under 30 (1996.27 kg ha) and 50 cm (1897.91 kg ha) interrow spacing respectively. Intrarow spacing of 15 ce produced maximum pod yield (2350.80 kg ha) which was 19.91 and 34.80% higher than that under 10 cm (1960.52 kg ha) and 20 cm (1743.88 kg ha), respectively. The increase in yield was due to mare yield attributing characters viz., number of mean filled pod per plant, number of kernels per pod and 100 kernel weight at 40 ca and 15 ca inter and intrarow spacing respectively, Cultivar BG-3 showed its superiority over Birsa bold-1 with respect to nueber of sean effective pegs per plant, number of sean filled pod per plant and number of kernels per pod but reverse was found in case of 100 kernel weight. Leaf area index increased upto 60 DAS and then declined. 30 ca interrow spacing gave higher LAI value compared to 48 and 50 ca interrow spacing at 30 DAS, but at 60 and 90 DAS groundnut spaced at 48 ce interrow apart gave highest LAI compared to other. Groundnut spaced at 15 ce intrarow spacing gave higher LAI value at entire growth stages compared to 10 and 20 cm. Number of effective nodules per plant was also found maximu in 40 ca interrow spacing and 15 ca intrarow spacing throughout its growth stages. Maximus nitrogen content in pod (2.6 to 2.63 %) and hauln (1.50%) were recorded at 5e interrow spacing during both the years of investigations, Total ca uptake of nitrogen by groundnut plant was max (95.75 and 92.27 kg ha) during 1994 and 1995, respectively at 40 interrow spacing comapred to 30 and 50 cm sparing, while, at co ca Intrarow spacing maximus total uptake (105.42 and 101.54 kg 15
ha, respectively) was recorded. Maximum oil yield was recorded at 40 ca interrow spacing (45.49 and 45.48 %) and 15 ca intra spacing (45.91 and 45.92%) during 1994 and 1995, respectively. Maximum net return (Rs. 13988.95 ha) and benefit cost ration (1.91) was recorded by cultivar BG-3 spaced at 48 x 15 cm over rest of treatment combinations.
maximum lime Results of second set of experiment revealed that pooled pod yield (2319.35 kg ha) was recorded at 3 q hat which was significantly superior to lime. Application of 80 kg phosphorus ha significantly produced maximum pooled pod yield (2598.20 kg ha) over 8, 20 and 40 kg Po kg ha. Pooled pod yield was maximum (2215.66 kg ha) Birsa bold-i and in was at par with BG-3 (2183.96 kg ha). Interaction between levels of lime and phosphorus on pooled pad yield showed that maximum pooled pod yield (2756.91 kg ha) of groundnut Has recorded at 80 kg Pals ha and 3 q lime ha Hauls yield also followed the similar trend. Favourable effeats of applications of 3 q lime and 80 kg Pal ha reflected to increase yield attributing characters characters. The cultivar 86-3 produced higher number effective pegs per plant, number of filled pod were also and growth 01 mean per plant and number of Kernels per pod than Birsa bold-1 while plant height and 100 Kernel weight were higher in Birsa bold-1. Application of 3 line has showed higher content of nitrogen in pod varied from 2.81 to 2.79 % and 1.64 to 1.67 % in haulm content in pod and haule were found and 8.24 phosphorus and 0.18%, respectively. Similarly application of 80 kg Pals ha gave higher phosphorus content in pod and haule compared to 3,20,40 and 6 kg Palle ha. Total uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by pod and hauls were also higher (111.40 to 115.25 kg nitrogen has and 11.01 to 11.28 kg phosphorus ha) at 3 q lize ha over no lise, while application of Beko Pale ha gave higher nitrogen uptake (123.21 to 132.35 kg ha N) and phosphorus uptake (12.96 to 13.22 kg ha Pale) over 8, 20, 40 and 6 ko Pom ha content in kernel showed increasing trend due to application of lime 30 ha and ko Pole has over their lower levels. Birse held-1 produced higher oil percentage (46.24 to 46.30)and protein content (22.14 to 22.23%) compared to 8-3 during bath the years. Application of 3 q line har gave a net return of Re 9150.55 to Rs. 10275.83 ha and benefitscast ratio of 1.0 1.28 over appiscation to m1ime application in both the years. Similarly of 100 kg Palle ha earned higher net return