Comparative study of carbon, nitrogen and lignin metabolism in relation to lodging resistance in oat (Avena sativa L.)
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Date
2024
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Punjab Agricultural University
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa L.) commonly known as javi, jodar or jai is a dual purpose crop used for human food consumption, as animal feed and as a source of high value compounds with industrial applications. Lodging in oat is the most chronic constraint that negatively affects its productivity and is one of the main barriers on the way to higher yield. In this study, the importance of various morphological and anatomical attributes, carbon, nitrogen and lignin metabolism and quality traits has been studied in ten recently released oat varieties (OL-1769- 1, RO-11-1, OL-13, OL-1896, JHO-822, OL-15, OL-14, OL-12, Kent and OL-11) to evaluate the impact of stem lodging on oat varieties. Morphological and anatomical attributes depicted that OL-1769-1, RO-11-1, OL-13 proved to be more efficient in overcoming lodging stress as compared to other varieties. RO-11-1 was lower in lodging susceptibility index, lodging score, percent reduction in thousand grain weight, lignin content, dry matter yield of lodged plants and higher breaking strength, culm lodging resistance index than OL-15. Vascular bundle area and xylem tissue contributed towards lodging resistance. Lodging directly impaired source-sink relationship by reducing the photosynthetic ability, transport of carbohydrates, dry matter accumulation and hence caused alterations in carbon-nitrogen metabolism. For carbon metabolism, RO-11-1 had better carbohydrate partitioning than other varieties due to effective synchronization between its carbon metabolizing enzymes (sucrose phosphate synthase,
sucrose synthase synthesis, sucrose synthase cleavage, acid invertase, neutral invertase) among flag leaf, grains and basal second internode. The nitrogen metabolizing enzymes were less effected with lodging in RO-11-1 compared to other varieties that showed wide variations. The activities of lignin metabolizing enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase were upregulated in RO-11-1 but 4-coumarate CoA ligase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase activities were higher in OL-15, indicating that these enzymes might be determining lodging resistance in oat varieties. Further, increased levels of secondary metabolites contribute towards plant defense against lodging stress. Higher cell wall constituents, crude protein, ash, silica and crude fat in RO-11-1 than other varieties could be the additional factor for providing lodging resistance.
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Gupta, Himani (2024). Comparative study of carbon, nitrogen and lignin metabolism in relation to lodging resistance in oat (Avena sativa L.) (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.