In vitro Regeneration of Desert Medicinal Plant Ghrit Kumari [Aloe barbadensis Mill.]
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Date
2022
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Abstract
Aloe barbadensis Miller (syn. Aloe vera L.) is a succulent desert
medicinal plant and has great importance in pharmaceutical and cosmetic
industries. Its large scale cultivation through natural mean of shoot/ suckers is
problematic due to insufficient availability. Therefore, the present investigation
was carried out with the objectives for optimization of the condition of shoot
proliferation, root induction, callus proliferation and regeneration of Aloe
barbadensis to generate large number of planting material in short time. Effect
of culture media, antioxidants, photoperiod and genotypes were also studied to
enhance regeneration proficiency. Different levels of plant growth regulators
(PGRs) were used for shoot proliferation, callus induction, organogenesis and
root induction. The best identified PGRs were further used to study the different
factors affecting the in vitro culture. The cultures were incubated at 25±2°C
temperature under 14 hours light followed by 10 hours dark period with light
intensity of 3000 lux.
The analysis of variance showed wide variation among the different
treatments/levels of PGRs for all the studied characters. For direct shoot
proliferation, BAP alone at 3.5 mg/l in MS medium was found best as it showed
highest shoot multiplication rate with 100 per cent regeneration frequency.
Profuse and viable callus proliferation was obtained at 2.5 mg/l 2,4-D, while a
combination of 2.0 mg/l Kn + 1.0 mg/l NAA was found most responsive for
highest number of shoot regeneration per callus culture in shortest period.
Maximum number and longest root induction was obtained at 1.5 mg/l IBA and
survival rate during hardening and acclimatization process was also highest in
IBA derived rooted plantlets of Aloe barbadensis. Among all the studied culture
media, MS medium was found best for direct shoot proliferation, while Woody
Plant Medium (WPM) was most optimum for root induction, callus proliferation
and regeneration in callus. Incorporation of all the levels of activated charcoal
(AC) in MS media was advantageous while PVP reduces the efficacy of
micropropagation of Aloe. The identified doses of AC for maximum response in
MS medium were 175 mg/l, 100 mg/l, 100 mg/l and 225 mg/l for shoot
multiplication, root induction, callus proliferation and regeneration, respectively.
Among different photoperiod regimes, light and dark hour‘s period of 16: 8 for
direct shoot induction, 14: 10 for root multiplication and 12: 12 for callus
proliferation and regeneration were found best. Genotype JA-2 showed
maximum regeneration response for shooting, rooting, callusing and
organogenesis while genotype JA-3 was found least responsive. The above
protocol may be used for large scale multiplication of genetically uniform plants
of Aloe barbadensis to minimize the cost of production.