ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY IN RAPESEED AND MUSTARD CULTIVATION IN MAJULI, ASSAM
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Date
2021
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AAU, Jorhat
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica campestris) and Mustard (Brassica juncea) are major Rabi oilseed crops of India. It is the third most important edible oilseed crop in the world after soybean and oil palm.
An attempt has been made in this study to examine the economics of production and resource use efficiency in rapeseed and mustard cultivation in Majuli district of Assam for the year 2020-21.
The total cost of cultivation of rapeseed and mustard per farm for the sample was found to be Rs.71782.03 and the operational cost and fixed cost per farm were recorded as Rs.45111.13 and Rs.26670.90, respectively. The highest percentage of total cost was incurred in operational cost (62.81 per cent) followed by fixed cost (37.19 per cent). The cost of cultivation per farm varied directly with farm size which was found to be highest in medium (Rs.115048.57) farm size followed by semi-medium (Rs.79698.77) and small (Rs.49301.29) farm size. Input wise highest cost was incurred on labour (27.48 per cent).
Cost of cultivation of rapeseed and mustard per hectare varied inversely with farm size, which was found to be highest in small (Rs.47764.06) farm size followed by semi-medium (Rs.44873.70) and medium (Rs.41913.15) farm size.
Study revealed that as farm size increased, bullock labour was substituted by machine labour and it was directly related to farm size.
The average cost of cultivation (cost C2) per hectare of rapeseed and mustard was worked out as Rs.44850.31. The average cost A1, cost A2, cost B1, cost B2, cost C1 and cost C3 per hectare were Rs.25118.19, Rs.27590.61, Rs.29443.71, Rs. 38457.18, Rs.35836.84 and Rs.49335.54.
The average yield of rapeseed-mustard per hectare was recorded as 13.93 quintals. The highest yield was found in small farm size (14.28 quintals) followed by semi-medium (13.26 quintals) and medium (12.41 quintals) farm size. The average net income realized from cultivation of per hectare of rapeseed-mustard was Rs. 27257.43. This was highest in case of small farm followed by semi medium and medium farm size on per hectare basis. The average B:C ratio in the study was found to be 1:1.61, which was higher at small farm size (1:1.70) followed by semi medium (1:1.61) and medium farm size (1:1.50).
Farmers' technical efficiency was estimated to be 70.50 per cent on an average. An inverse relationship between farm size was observed.
As indicated by input slacks draught labour was significantly excessively used. Farmers of semi-medium and medium farm size use excess of seeds. Input slack value of fertilizer was highly significant for all the farm sizes indicating excessive use of this input.
The major constraints involved in rapeseed and mustard cultivation were high weed infestation, lack of technical knowledge, high incidence of pest and diseases, unfavorable product price, inadequate storage facilities and lack of proper transport facilities.