TECHNOLOGY FOR SPRAY-DRIED CAROTENOID POWDER FROM MARIGOLD (Tagetes erecta) EXTRACT
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Date
2021
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ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL
Abstract
Natural pigments gained popularity among consumers to the potential toxicity of synthetic food
colours. Marigold has potential to become primary source of carotenoids for industrial production
and possess therapeutic properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorous and immunomodulation
effects. Carotenoids are generally extracted by using organic solvents, less stable during processing
and costly. To overcome the problem of petro-chemical residues and enhance their stability, the
present investigation aims to optimise the extraction and spray drying variables to develop a
technology for carotenoid powder from marigold petals. The marigold petals were steam blanched
for 4 min and made into to paste. Then marigold pulp (223.45 ± 0.11 μg of carotenoid/ml) was
mixed with a mixture of flaxseed and sunflower oil (1:1) at 400C in 1:2 ratio and 0.1% of sodium
caseinate was used as emulsifier. The extraction was carried out using high shear mixing at 10000
rpm for 15 min. Emulsifiers, high shear rotation speed and time showed significant (p < 0.05)
effects on the total carotenoid content and extraction efficiency. The carotenoid rich fraction had
TCC, TPC, ABTS, DPPH and FRAP activity of 73.92 ± 0.83 μg/ml, 3.32 ± 0.04 mg/ml, 2465.18 ±
32.65 μM eq./mL, 2178.28 ± 40.62 μg eq./mL and 3059.17 ± 71.25 μM eq./mL respectively. The
extraction efficiency of carotenoid was 90.04 ± 1.01 %. For the microencapsulation of emulsion
(O/W), 33.73 % of carotenoid extract was mixed with Gum Arabic (1.5%), Maltodextrin (3%) and
WPC (10.67 %) and subjected to intermittent high shear mixing at 20000 rpm for 20 min. The
encapsulated emulsion was dried using pilot-scale spray dryer and independent variables were inlet
air temperature (170 and 1800C), Feed concentration (35 and 40 %) and feed flow rate (20, 25, 30
ml/min). The powder yield ranged from 10.38 to 45.67 %. Analysis of experimental data for TCC,
MEE, ABTS, DPPH, wettability of spray dried marigold carotenoid powder revealed negative
correlation with inlet air temperature and feed flow rate. Water activity of powder ranged from 0.14
- 0.29. Feed flow rate showed a positive effect (p<0.001) on bulk density, tap density. Inlet air
temperature showed negative effect on moisture content, TPC, bulk density, tap density. Feed
concentration negatively affected hygroscopicity, and solubility; while inlet air temperature
positively affected hygroscopicity, solubility and FRAP activity. Spray drying process reduced the
L* value as compared to encapsulated emulsion. Marigold carotenoid powder dried at 1700 C, feed
concentration 40 % and feed flow rate 20ml/ min had TCC, MEE, TPC, ABTS; DPPH, FRAP and
bulk density of 81.29 ± 0.55 μg/g, 70.11 ± 0.02 %, 0.30 ± 0.01 mg/g, 1620.99 ± 35.80 μM eq./g,
933.80 ± 14.45 μg eq./g, 1218.65 ± 41.10 μM eq./g and 0.38 ± 0.00 g/ml, respectively. This
optimized carotenoid extract powder had a fair flowability with 34.32 ± 0.42 % solubility and 3.28
± 0.09 sec wettability. On the basis of our findings, it can be concluded that spray drying of
emulsion with low inlet air temperature, feed flow rate and higher feed concentration may result in
higher retention of carotenoids and hence, better anti-oxidative properties. However, there is still
scope for improving the solubility and other reconstitutional properties of powder.