ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN HINDON RIVER WATER AND AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR SOIL AND CROP MANAGEMENT

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Date
2022
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SARDARVALLABH BHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE MEERUT 250110
Abstract
An investigation was undertaken on “Assessment of Heavy Metal Content in Hindon River Belt and An Integrated Approach for Soil and Crop Management” to study the physio chemical properties and heavy metal content of Hindon river and adjoining soil and find out the suitability of cultivating crops in this region. The research experiment was conducted in agriculture field at Ator village, Ghaziabad (U.P) where soil was medium in organic carbon (0.60 %) & available nitrogen (290), high in available phosphorus(68.8), potassium(319) with heavy metal content (mg/l) viz., arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead, iron, manganese and zinc as 5.78, 0.87, 21.5, 11.8, 2159, 512 and 57.5 of which arsenic, iron, manganese and nickel were present above the threshold limits given by WHO. The ph, BOD, COD and heavy metal content (mg/l) viz., arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc, manganese and iron at six sampling locations of Hindon river were found in range of 7.5-8.1, 65-185, 195-426, 0.001-0.004, 0.001-0.008, 0.2-0.8, 0.01-0.1, 0.2-0.8, 3.3-4.4 and 6.5-12.6 of which iron, manganese and nickel were found above the permissible limit. Twelve treatments consisting of combinations of 04 irrigation strategies viz., Irrigation at all stages with 100% ground water (I1), Irrigation at all stages with 75% ground water and 25% Hindon river water (I2), Irrigation at all stages with 50% ground water and 50% Hindon river water (I3) and Irrigation at all stages with 100% hindon water (I4) and 03 soil amendments viz., Biochar @ 5t/ha (S1), Activated Carbon @ 5t/ha (S2), Vermicompost @ 5t/ha (S3) were undertaken in split plot design with 3 replications. Wheat variety -PBW 343 was sown on 20 of November 2019 & 22 of November 2020 and harvested on 07 of April 2020 and 09 of April 2021, respectively. Sorghum variety- Pant chari 5 was sown on 20 of June 2019 & 17 of June 2020 and harvested on 05 of September 2019 & 09 of September 2020, respectively. The results revealed that the heavy metal content in wheat grain (mg/l) viz., arsenic, cadmium, lead, nickel, iron, manganese and zinc were in range of 0.01-0.10, 0.00-0.04, 0.00-0.04, 0.01-0.10, 126.8-280, 27.8-40.1 and 1101.5-2400 and in fodder sorghum as 0.34-0.91,0.153-0.950, 0.122-0.370, 0.24-0.53, 94.2-152.1, 23.7-42.7, 7.2-8-13.5 of which cadmium, iron, manganese & zinc in wheat grain and arsenic cadmium, iron and manganese in fodder sorghum were found above the permissible limits prescribed by WHO. The Bio concentration factor of heavy metals from soil to grain & Transfer factor of heavy metals from root to shoot & grain in wheat for arsenic (0.001 &0.001 and 0.165 & 0.156), cadmium(0.041 & 0.022 and 0.04 & 0.05), lead(0.003&0.002 and 0.05 & 0.110), nickel(0.009 & 0.004 and ), manganese(1.22 & 1.27 and 0.070 &0.078), iron(0.57& 0.12 and 1.8 & 1.7) and zinc(21.5 & 24.1 and 139 & 155) were highest with 100% Hindon water of which BCF of zinc was > 1, which indicates greater accumulation of Zn in wheat seeds and Transfer factor of iron, manganese & zinc was found >1 which signifies possible human exposure of Fe, Mn & Zn through the food chain that might cause metal toxicity. Also, the TF shoot of arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese and zinc were more than 1 in fodder indicating possible health hazard to animals through ingestion of this fodder. Among the soil amendments application of Biochar @ 5 t ha-1 resulted in lowest heavy metal content in fodder sorghum and wheat grain viz., arsenic, cadmium, lead, nickel, iron, manganese and zinc as 0.05 & 0.03, 0.24 & 0.15, 0.19 & 0.12, 0.25 & 0.24, 94.2 & 92.2, 24.5 & 22.0, 7.71 & 7.15 and 0.001 & 0.001, 0.00 & 0.00, 0.00 & 0.00, 0.02 & 0.02, 140.1 & 128.6, 28.4 & 26.1, 1120.3 & 1104.2 for both the years while highest heavy metal content & uptake was noted in control for the years. Thus, it can be concluded that use of raw Hindon water for irrigation purpose should be avoided due to high accumulation of heavy metals in soils adjoining river, leading to possible uptake of heavy metals by crops. Incorporation of soil amendments like Biochar @ 5 t ha-1 helped to stabilize heavy metals in soil & reduce their uptake by crops.
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ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN HINDON RIVER WATER AND AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR SOIL AND CROP MANAGEMENT
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ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN HINDON RIVER WATER AND AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR SOIL AND CROP MANAGEMENT
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