Effectiveness of various treatment protocols in repeat breeding cows
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Date
2022-09-15, 2022-09-15
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K)
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K)
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K)
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of repeat breeding and its associated risk factors in unorganized dairy sector and the effectiveness of the various treatment regimens used in the treatment of repeat breeding (RB). Additionally, the blood biochemical profile and antioxidant assay of the repeat breeder cows were also analyzed before and after treatment. The result of the investigation revealed an overall prevalence of RB of 31.53 per cent. It was observed that season, parity, milk yield, body condition score, herd size and periparturient diseases have direct bearing on the prevalence of repeat breeding. The prevalence of RB was observed to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in the monsoon (44.70%) and post monsoon season (32.65%) and lowest in the winter season (22.13%). The prevalence of RB was significantly (P<0.05) higher in sixth & above parity (47.50 per cent) and 1st parity (49.53 per cent) than 2nd and 3rd parity. Significantly (P<0.05) higher prevalence of RB was observed in high producing (37.35 per cent) dairy cows than low producing (24.27 per cent) dairy cows. The prevalence of RB following dystocia (57.89 per cent) and abortion/premature birth (48.71 per cent) was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher than normal calving (13.67 per cent). Significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence (55.73) was seen in cows with poor (1-2) body condition than the cows with medium and good body condition. Repeat breeding was more observed in HF crossbred cows and cows in small herd size. A total of 60 cows (12 normal and 48 RB) were treated in five different experiment groups (n=12): Group-I (normal healthy cyclic cows; negative control), Group II (repeat breeding cows with 0- + white side test values; positive control), Group III (repeat breeding cows with 0- + white side test values; feeding management group), Group IV (repeat breeding cows with ++ - +++ white side test values; intra uterine Cephapirin treatment) and Group V (repeat breeding cows with 0- + white side test values; GPG-hormonal treatment group). Following treatment with the three different treatment protocols (Group III, IV & V) in repeat breeding cows a conception rate of 58.33% was seen in the Group IV (Intra uterine Cephapirin) which was lower than the normal cyclic (66.67%) cows (Group I). Equal conception rate of 41.67% was seen in the Group III (nutritional treatment) and Group V (GPG-FTAI-hormonal treatment). The examination of physical properties of cervical mucus in majority of the CM samples of repeat breeding (RB) cows showed that the color was clear and consistency was thin, and fern pattern was typical. The pH value of cervical mucus in Group IV (8.25±0.13) cows was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other groups. The fern pattern in Group IV was more of atypical (50%) type. Biochemical profile revealed that the levels of total plasma protein, cholesterol and blood glucose were low in all group of repeat breeder cows and it differed significantly (p<0.05) from the Group I (normal cyclic) cows. BUN was found higher in all the repeat breeding Groups than the Group I cows and it increased significantly in after the treatment samples in the Group III (feeding management group). Mineral profile showed that Ca and P were significantly lower in the repeat breeding cows and were significantly high after treatment in the Group III. Antioxidant enzymes were significantly lower in all the repeat breeding Groups (II, III, IV and V), and these enzymes decreased significantly after treatment in the Group III, IV and V. It was concluded that repeat breeding in cow can be managed satisfactorily with the feeding of supplementary minerals, hormone (GPG) based fixed time AI and intra uterine antibiotic treatments.
The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of repeat breeding and its associated risk factors in unorganized dairy sector and the effectiveness of the various treatment regimens used in the treatment of repeat breeding (RB). Additionally, the blood biochemical profile and antioxidant assay of the repeat breeder cows were also analyzed before and after treatment. The result of the investigation revealed an overall prevalence of RB of 31.53 per cent. It was observed that season, parity, milk yield, body condition score, herd size and periparturient diseases have direct bearing on the prevalence of repeat breeding. The prevalence of RB was observed to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in the monsoon (44.70%) and post monsoon season (32.65%) and lowest in the winter season (22.13%). The prevalence of RB was significantly (P<0.05) higher in sixth & above parity (47.50 per cent) and 1st parity (49.53 per cent) than 2nd and 3rd parity. Significantly (P<0.05) higher prevalence of RB was observed in high producing (37.35 per cent) dairy cows than low producing (24.27 per cent) dairy cows. The prevalence of RB following dystocia (57.89 per cent) and abortion/premature birth (48.71 per cent) was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher than normal calving (13.67 per cent). Significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence (55.73) was seen in cows with poor (1-2) body condition than the cows with medium and good body condition. Repeat breeding was more observed in HF crossbred cows and cows in small herd size. A total of 60 cows (12 normal and 48 RB) were treated in five different experiment groups (n=12): Group-I (normal healthy cyclic cows; negative control), Group II (repeat breeding cows with 0- + white side test values; positive control), Group III (repeat breeding cows with 0- + white side test values; feeding management group), Group IV (repeat breeding cows with ++ - +++ white side test values; intra uterine Cephapirin treatment) and Group V (repeat breeding cows with 0- + white side test values; GPG-hormonal treatment group). Following treatment with the three different treatment protocols (Group III, IV & V) in repeat breeding cows a conception rate of 58.33% was seen in the Group IV (Intra uterine Cephapirin) which was lower than the normal cyclic (66.67%) cows (Group I). Equal conception rate of 41.67% was seen in the Group III (nutritional treatment) and Group V (GPG-FTAI-hormonal treatment). The examination of physical properties of cervical mucus in majority of the CM samples of repeat breeding (RB) cows showed that the color was clear and consistency was thin, and fern pattern was typical. The pH value of cervical mucus in Group IV (8.25±0.13) cows was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other groups. The fern pattern in Group IV was more of atypical (50%) type. Biochemical profile revealed that the levels of total plasma protein, cholesterol and blood glucose were low in all group of repeat breeder cows and it differed significantly (p<0.05) from the Group I (normal cyclic) cows. BUN was found higher in all the repeat breeding Groups than the Group I cows and it increased significantly in after the treatment samples in the Group III (feeding management group). Mineral profile showed that Ca and P were significantly lower in the repeat breeding cows and were significantly high after treatment in the Group III. Antioxidant enzymes were significantly lower in all the repeat breeding Groups (II, III, IV and V), and these enzymes decreased significantly after treatment in the Group III, IV and V. It was concluded that repeat breeding in cow can be managed satisfactorily with the feeding of supplementary minerals, hormone (GPG) based fixed time AI and intra uterine antibiotic treatments.
The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of repeat breeding and its associated risk factors in unorganized dairy sector and the effectiveness of the various treatment regimens used in the treatment of repeat breeding (RB). Additionally, the blood biochemical profile and antioxidant assay of the repeat breeder cows were also analyzed before and after treatment. The result of the investigation revealed an overall prevalence of RB of 31.53 per cent. It was observed that season, parity, milk yield, body condition score, herd size and periparturient diseases have direct bearing on the prevalence of repeat breeding. The prevalence of RB was observed to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in the monsoon (44.70%) and post monsoon season (32.65%) and lowest in the winter season (22.13%). The prevalence of RB was significantly (P<0.05) higher in sixth & above parity (47.50 per cent) and 1st parity (49.53 per cent) than 2nd and 3rd parity. Significantly (P<0.05) higher prevalence of RB was observed in high producing (37.35 per cent) dairy cows than low producing (24.27 per cent) dairy cows. The prevalence of RB following dystocia (57.89 per cent) and abortion/premature birth (48.71 per cent) was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher than normal calving (13.67 per cent). Significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence (55.73) was seen in cows with poor (1-2) body condition than the cows with medium and good body condition. Repeat breeding was more observed in HF crossbred cows and cows in small herd size. A total of 60 cows (12 normal and 48 RB) were treated in five different experiment groups (n=12): Group-I (normal healthy cyclic cows; negative control), Group II (repeat breeding cows with 0- + white side test values; positive control), Group III (repeat breeding cows with 0- + white side test values; feeding management group), Group IV (repeat breeding cows with ++ - +++ white side test values; intra uterine Cephapirin treatment) and Group V (repeat breeding cows with 0- + white side test values; GPG-hormonal treatment group). Following treatment with the three different treatment protocols (Group III, IV & V) in repeat breeding cows a conception rate of 58.33% was seen in the Group IV (Intra uterine Cephapirin) which was lower than the normal cyclic (66.67%) cows (Group I). Equal conception rate of 41.67% was seen in the Group III (nutritional treatment) and Group V (GPG-FTAI-hormonal treatment). The examination of physical properties of cervical mucus in majority of the CM samples of repeat breeding (RB) cows showed that the color was clear and consistency was thin, and fern pattern was typical. The pH value of cervical mucus in Group IV (8.25±0.13) cows was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other groups. The fern pattern in Group IV was more of atypical (50%) type. Biochemical profile revealed that the levels of total plasma protein, cholesterol and blood glucose were low in all group of repeat breeder cows and it differed significantly (p<0.05) from the Group I (normal cyclic) cows. BUN was found higher in all the repeat breeding Groups than the Group I cows and it increased significantly in after the treatment samples in the Group III (feeding management group). Mineral profile showed that Ca and P were significantly lower in the repeat breeding cows and were significantly high after treatment in the Group III. Antioxidant enzymes were significantly lower in all the repeat breeding Groups (II, III, IV and V), and these enzymes decreased significantly after treatment in the Group III, IV and V. It was concluded that repeat breeding in cow can be managed satisfactorily with the feeding of supplementary minerals, hormone (GPG) based fixed time AI and intra uterine antibiotic treatments.