Genetic divergence studies based on morphophysiological traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm
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Date
2022-08
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Genetic divergence studies based on morphophysiological traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm” was carried out in Rabi season, 2021-22 at N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar. The experimental material comprised of 93 genotypes along with 5 checks, namely UP2855, HD3086, UP2938, HD2967 and DBW187. Observations were recorded for 16 morphophysiological characters viz., days to 75% heading, days to maturity, flag leaf area, spike length, peduncle length, plant height, number of productive tillers per meter, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plot, grain yield per plot, harvest index, CTD at anthesis and 15 DAA and NDVI at anthesis and 15 DAA. The data was evaluated for analysis of variance, variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic divergence. Analysis of variance revealed that significant differences were present among the genotypes for most of the characters and suggests that the abundant amount of variability is present in the experimental material and improvement can be done for these characters.
Evaluation of variability parameters revealed that the magnitude of PCV was slightly higher as compared to GCV which indicates the little influence of the environment on the expression of these characters. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent mean was reported for traits like flag leaf area, grain yield per plot, number of productive tillers per meter, harvest index, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plot, grain weight per spike and number of grains per spike. The genotypes were grouped into 5 distinct clusters by Non- hierarchical Euclidean Cluster analysis. Cluster V comprised of maximum number of genotypes (26) followed by cluster II (24), cluster I and III (17 each) and cluster IV (9). The maximum intra-cluster distance was 7.551 for cluster IV and the minimum intra- cluster distance was 4.443 for cluster V. The maximum intercluster distance was observed between cluster I and cluster IV (8.009) followed by cluster III and IV (7.815), cluster IV and cluster V (7.672) cluster II and IV (7.619), cluster III and cluster IV (5.921). On the basis of the findings of the current study, on the basis of character mean five desirable donors for each character were identified. MUNAL#1/FRANCOLIN#1/KA/N AC// TRCH/3/DANPHE#1, HD3151/WH1105/HD3159, Mahyco.Goal/UP2784, ALTAR84/AE.SQ// 2*OPATA/PBW644/PBW726 and HUW701/QLD28 were the most promising genotypes as donors for the improvement of yield potential. For other characters genotypes can be used from different groups based on the objective of breeding programme.