STUDIES ON ENTEROTOXIGENIC Escherichia coli IN SLUMS OF JAMMU
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Date
2022-09-22
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K)
Abstract
The current investigation analysed diverse sources of samples for Escherichia coli and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). A total of 120 samples were analysed (75 drinking water, 25 waste water, and 20 dog faeces). A total of 71 samples (26 drinking water, 25 waste water, and 20 dog faeces samples) tested positive for E. coli, yielding 142 E. coli isolates. On analysis of 142 isolates by PCR for lt, stIa, and stIb genes to detect, none was positive. Isolates were analysed for their antibiotic resistance pattern against 9 antibiotics. The isolates yielded moderate to low resistance to antibiotics with highest resistance to norfloxacin (28.16%) followed by ofloxacin (16.91%), ampicillin/sulbactam (11.27%), ciprofloxacin (9.15%), ampicillin (7.74%), cefoperazone (3.53%) and cefixime (1.41%). Isolates were sensitive to amikacin and gentamicin. There were similarities regarding antibiotic resistance pattern among E. coli isolated from different sources, probably indicating about the contamination of water with faecal matter occurring in the study areas. For assessing the WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) conditions in the study areas, data by questionnaire was collected. All households have piped water supply with fifty five percent (55%) using public taps and forty five percent (45%) using household supplies. Fifty percent (50%) of households do nothing to make water safer to drink, while thirty percent (30%) strain it with a cloth, eleven point six percent (11.6%) use a filter, and eight point three three percent (8.33%) boil it. Fifty five percent (55%) of households practise open defecation, twenty three point three percent (23.3%) have open drain toilet facilities, and twenty one point six seven percent (21.67%) have proper toilet facilities with septic tank. After defecation, all households used water and soap/detergent for hand washing. The study generated the information on water, sanitation and hygiene in the slums of Jammu.