Molecular characterization and Seroprevalence studies on equine haemoprotozoan diseases with special reference to Trypanosoma evansi
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Date
2021-07
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ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya
Abstract
Equine haemoprotozoan diseases have negative impacts on health status and
working efficiency of equines in different areas of the world including India. A cross
sectional study was conducted in twenty seven districts of three agro-climatic zones of
Eastern region, Uttar Pradesh, India during February, 2020 to February, 2021 to evaluate
the prevalence (parasitological, molecular and serological) study, epidemiological
relative risk factors, molecular characterization of equine haemoprotozoans and T. evansi
parasite clearance efficacy of trypanocidal drugs in equine population. A total of 524
equines (381 horses, 50 donkeys and 93 mules) blood samples of both sex and different
age groups were collected for the present study. The overall prevalence of T. evansi and
T. equi was 8.01% and 5.15 % by microscopic method, 12.98 % and 19.85 % by PCR
method and 17.56 % and 41.79 % by ELISA assay, respectively in the entire study area.
The assessment of epidemiological relative risk factors associated with PCR and ELISA
techniques revealed that mule and donkey population was at 5.34 and 3.69 times more
prone to T. evansi infection as compared to the horses. The young animals and equines
used for bricks kiln purpose were at 1.93 and 1.54 times more chances of T. evansi
infection as compared to the adult and equines used for other transport purpose,
respectively. North eastern plain zone and Vindhyan zone equines were at 1.34 and 1.09
times more susceptible to T. equi infection as compared to the equines of the Eastern
plain zone of study area. Mule and donkeys were at 1.37 and 1.25 times whereas
helminthes infested equines were at 1.42 times more prone to infection as compared to
the horses and helminthes free equines in study area. Multiple alignment of nucleotide
sequence of ITS1 and 18S RNA gene variants from Eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, Indian,
T. evansi and T. equi showed homology with database sequences of GenBank. No
trypanocidal drug was found to completely eliminate parasites with single recommended
dose. Isometamidium chloride was recorded more effective than rest of the selected
trypanocidal drugs.
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