EFFECT OF ORGANICS AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF RABI SORGHUM
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Date
2022-08-12
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
guntur
Abstract
A field study on “Effect of organics and biofertilizers on soil properties and performance of rabi sorghum” was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during 2020-2021. The experimental soil was slightly alkaline in reaction and non-saline in nature. The soil was clay in texture, medium in organic carbon, medium in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The soil was sufficient in zinc, copper, iron and manganese.
The experiment comprised of eight treatments viz., 100% RDF (T1); 100% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1+Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T2); 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T3); 100% RDF + Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1+ Azospirillum@ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T4); 125% RDF (T5); 75% RDF+ FYM @ 10 t ha-1+Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T6); 75% RDF+ Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T7); 75% RDF + Neemcake @ 500 kg ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T8) and replicated thrice. Biofertilizers (Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1) were mixed with FYM, vermicompost, neem cake separately and applied two weeks before sowing to the field according to the treatments. Inorganic nitrogen (urea) was applied at different levels as per the treatments in three splits (as basal dose, 30 DAS and at 60 DAS). The phosphorus and potassium were applied to all the plots in the form of SSP (basal) and MOP (two equal splits), respectively (Recommended dose of fertilizers were 80-40-40 (N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1).
Name of the Author
:
KURUVA MOUNIKA
Title of thesis
:
“EFFECT OF ORGANICS AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF RABI SORGHUM’’
Degree to which it is submitted
:
Master of Science in Agriculture
Faculty
:
AGRICULTURE
Major field of study
:
SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY
Major Advisor
:
Dr. A. LALITHA KUMARI
University
:
Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University
Year of submission
:
2021
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The effect of treatments on soil physical (bulk density, water holding capacity), physico-chemical properties (pH, EC and CEC) were found non-significant but significantly highest organic carbon was recorded in the treatment T2 (100% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1) at harvest stage and this was on par with the treatments T3 (100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1), T4 (100% RDF + Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1), T6 (75% RDF+ FYM @10 t ha-1+Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1) and T7 (75% RDF+ Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5kg ha-1) while the lowest was observed with the treatment that received 100% RDF (T1).
At blooming and harvest stage, significantly highest available nitrogen was recorded in the treatment T4 (100% RDF + Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1) and it was on par with the treatments T5 (125% RDF), T2 (100% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Azospirillum@ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1) and T3 (100% RDF +Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1+ Azospirillum@ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1) and the lowest was observed in the treatment that received 75% RDF+ vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T7). Significantly highest available phosphorus and potassium were recorded in the treatment T2 (100% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1) and it was on par with the treatments T5 (125% RDF), T3 (100% RDF +Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1) and T4 (100% RDF + Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1) and the lowest was observed in the treatment that received 75% RDF+ Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1+Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T8) at blooming and harvest stages. Available micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) in soil were found non-significant at blooming and harvest stages.
Soil biological properties like enzyme activity (dehydrogenase and urease) and microbial population (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) were recorded significantly highest in the treatment that received 100% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T2) at blooming and harvest stage and it was on par with the treatments 100% RDF +Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T3) and 100% RDF + Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T4) while the lowest was observed in the treatment T1 (100 % RDF). The effect of treatments on labile and non-labile carbon pools was found non-significant. The effect of treatments on C:N ratio was found non-significant.
Significantly highest nitrogen content and uptake were recorded in the treatment that received 100% RDF + Neem cake @ kg ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T4) at booting, blooming, harvest stage (grain and stover) and this was on par with 100% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T2), 125% RDF (T5), 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T3)
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and the lowest was observed in the treatment T8 (75% RDF+ Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1). Significantly highest phosphorus and potassium content and their uptake were recorded in the treatment that received 100% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 +Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T2) and this was on par with 125% RDF(T5), 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T3) and 100% RDF + Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T4) at booting , blooming, harvest stage (grain and stover) and the lowest was observed in the treatment T8 (75% RDF+ Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1). Micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) contents in plants were found non-significant, whereas their uptakes were significantly highest in the treatment T2 (100% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1) and this was on par with the treatments, 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T3) and 100% RDF + Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T4), 125% RDF (T5) at booting, blooming and harvest stages (grain and stover). The lowest was observed with the treatment that received 100% RDF (T1).
At blooming and harvest stages, significantly highest plant height was recorded in the treatment that received 100% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 and it was on par with the treatments 125% RDF (T5), 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T3) and 100% RDF + Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1(T4) and the lowest was observed in the treatment T8 (75% RDF+ Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1). Significantly higher grain yield, stover yield, drymatter production and protein content were recorded in the treatment received 100% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T2) and it was on par with treatments 125% RDF (T5), 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T3) and 100% RDF + Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSB @ 5 kg ha-1 (T4) and the lowest was observed in the treatment T8 (75% RDF+ Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1+ Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1+ PSB @ 5 kg ha-1). The effect of treatments on test weight and harvest index was found non-significant.
From the present investigation it was concluded that the soil properties, yield attributes and yield of rabi sorghum were found to be improved with the application of 100% RDF along with FYM and biofertilizers (Azospirillum and PSB) improved. Integrated use of inorganics and organics (FYM) along with biofertilizers not only increased yield but also improved the soil health by increasing organic carbon, available nutrient contents and soil biological activity.
Description
EFFECT OF ORGANICS AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF RABI SORGHUM