Response of iron and zinc nano oxides in Picroside I biogenesis during in vitro growth and development of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.
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Date
2022-01
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth is one among human and animal health associated valuable herbs. Several iridoid glycosides, as well as their derivatives with diverse pharmacophore, have been documented in this plant which have been undertaken for detail studies for their potential in a variety of modern and traditional healthcare systems toward managing a variety ailment since ancient times. Commercially available formulations for cure of disorders are Livocare, Livomap, Livplus, Katuki and Arogya. Due to business potential, an increasing global demand of this plant, this important plant resource has received much attentions of various researchers. Focus in this study have been provided with special reference to optimize protocols of in vitro regeneration of Picrorhiza kurroa. The influence of nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs and Fe2O3- NPs) during callus cultures, upon secondary metabolites specially on picroside I and levels of antioxidative enzymes namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), Ascorbate peroxidase (APOX). Biological assays against potent harmful microbes were also undertaken. Laboratory scale parameters were established for developing optimum suspension cultures for picroside I in order to develop large-scale production parameters. Elicitation response for picrosides production and related genes expression analysis of picroside metabolic pathway in suspended microcalli were observed. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) responses were noticed to recognise specific identification of pathway genes with special reference to Hydroxy-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR), Mevalonate diphosphate synthase (MVDD), Isopentyl diphosphate isomerase (IPPI), 3-Deoxy- D-arabino heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS), 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), Dehydroquinate dehydratase (DQS), Geraniol diphosphate synthase (GDPS), 1-deoxy- D-xylulose-5-P-synthase (DXPS), Hydroxy methyl butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase (ISPH), Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase (CPM), 2-hydroxy isoflavanone dehydratse (2HFD), Chorosmate mutase (CM) and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) for picroside I only as an attention for its biogenesis. These observations imply that such an induced callus cultures under response of nanoparticles are suitable for picroside I production from Picrorhiza kurroa. Exploration of mass manufacturing particles at least of picroside I is possible by establishing suitable parameters in a simulated bioreactor system based on laboratory scale parameters identified from this particular study.