TOXICITY INDUCED BY CONCURRENT EXPOSURE OF DIMETHOATE AND FLUORIDE AND ITS AMELIORATION BY ZINGIBER OFFICINALE
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Date
2022-04-19, 2022-04-19
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K)
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K)
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K)
Abstract
Present study was aimed to determine type of toxic interaction between Dimethoate (DM) and fluoride (F) and their amelioration with rhizome extract of Zingiber officinale (ZO) in Wistar rats. The study was conducted in two phases viz. toxicant interaction phase and ameliorative phase. Analysis of hydro-alcoholic extract of ZO showed presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, Lycopene, ß-carotene, curcumin and quercetin. Rhizome extract showed scavenging activity against nitric oxide, superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals and high reducing power. After F administration, dose dependent significant rise in fluoride levels was observed in plasma, liver, brain, intestine, kidney, heart and bones but the highest fluoride levels were observed in brain (wet basis) and bones (% dry ash basis) and the lowest were seen in testis. Repeated oral administration of DM and F alone and in-combination significantly (P<0.05) elevated the levels of biochemical and antioxidant biomarkers in plasma, erythrocytes, kidney, liver and brain in a dose dependent manner however, these changes were more severe in combination groups. Also, the histopathological alterations were more severe in co-exposed groups as compared to either toxicant exposed group. Repeated administration of ZO extract (300 mg/kg) in individual toxicant administered rats and in combination groups attenuated the changes in plasma biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes. The observations of present study indicated that synergistic toxicity was induced by repeated co-exposure of fluoride and DM in erythrocytes, brain, liver and kidney but co-administration of Z. officinale along with toxicants protected against toxic effects induced after individual as well as simultaneous administration of F and DM.
Present study was aimed to determine type of toxic interaction between Dimethoate (DM) and fluoride (F) and their amelioration with rhizome extract of Zingiber officinale (ZO) in Wistar rats. The study was conducted in two phases viz. toxicant interaction phase and ameliorative phase. Analysis of hydro-alcoholic extract of ZO showed presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, Lycopene, ß-carotene, curcumin and quercetin. Rhizome extract showed scavenging activity against nitric oxide, superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals and high reducing power. After F administration, dose dependent significant rise in fluoride levels was observed in plasma, liver, brain, intestine, kidney, heart and bones but the highest fluoride levels were observed in brain (wet basis) and bones (% dry ash basis) and the lowest were seen in testis. Repeated oral administration of DM and F alone and in-combination significantly (P<0.05) elevated the levels of biochemical and antioxidant biomarkers in plasma, erythrocytes, kidney, liver and brain in a dose dependent manner however, these changes were more severe in combination groups. Also, the histopathological alterations were more severe in co-exposed groups as compared to either toxicant exposed group. Repeated administration of ZO extract (300 mg/kg) in individual toxicant administered rats and in combination groups attenuated the changes in plasma biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes. The observations of present study indicated that synergistic toxicity was induced by repeated co-exposure of fluoride and DM in erythrocytes, brain, liver and kidney but co-administration of Z. officinale along with toxicants protected against toxic effects induced after individual as well as simultaneous administration of F and DM.
Present study was aimed to determine type of toxic interaction between Dimethoate (DM) and fluoride (F) and their amelioration with rhizome extract of Zingiber officinale (ZO) in Wistar rats. The study was conducted in two phases viz. toxicant interaction phase and ameliorative phase. Analysis of hydro-alcoholic extract of ZO showed presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, Lycopene, ß-carotene, curcumin and quercetin. Rhizome extract showed scavenging activity against nitric oxide, superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals and high reducing power. After F administration, dose dependent significant rise in fluoride levels was observed in plasma, liver, brain, intestine, kidney, heart and bones but the highest fluoride levels were observed in brain (wet basis) and bones (% dry ash basis) and the lowest were seen in testis. Repeated oral administration of DM and F alone and in-combination significantly (P<0.05) elevated the levels of biochemical and antioxidant biomarkers in plasma, erythrocytes, kidney, liver and brain in a dose dependent manner however, these changes were more severe in combination groups. Also, the histopathological alterations were more severe in co-exposed groups as compared to either toxicant exposed group. Repeated administration of ZO extract (300 mg/kg) in individual toxicant administered rats and in combination groups attenuated the changes in plasma biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes. The observations of present study indicated that synergistic toxicity was induced by repeated co-exposure of fluoride and DM in erythrocytes, brain, liver and kidney but co-administration of Z. officinale along with toxicants protected against toxic effects induced after individual as well as simultaneous administration of F and DM.