Comparative analysis of wheat production technology adopted by Afghan and Indian farmers
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Date
2020-08
Authors
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Publisher
CCSHAU,HiSAR
Abstract
A field study entitled “Comparative analysis of wheat production technology
adopted by Afghan and Indian farmers” was conducted in Haryana and Punjab state of India,
and Herat and Nangarhar province of Afghanistan, purposively since being GRAIN project a
comparative study. Hisar (Haryana), Mansa (Punjab) districts from India, Injil (Herat) and
Behsood (Nangarhar) districts from Afghanistan were selected purposively because these were
among major wheat-growing districts in both the countries. Three villages were selected
randomly from each district and thereby a total number of twelve villages were selected for the
data collection. Keeping in view the number of wheat growers, a convenient sample size of 15
farmers from each village was selected randomly. So, a total number of 180 wheat growers were
selected to constitute a sample of the study. The specific objectives of the present study were (1)
To ascertain the farmers’ extent of knowledge, adoption and technological gap in wheat
cultivation, (2) To find out the constraints faced by farmers in the adoption of wheat cultivation
technology, (3) To establish a relationship between farmers' socio-personal traits and
technological gap (4) To suggest an extension strategy based on findings to reduce the
technological gap in wheat cultivation in Afghanistan. The data were collected through pretested
structured interview schedule. Sixteen important independent variables, namely, age,
education, land holding, family type, family size, family occupation, social participation,
extension contact, mass media exposure, scientific orientation, farm implement, irrigation
facilities, annual family income, source of information, marketing channels, risk orientation and
change proneness and dependent variables, namely, knowledge, adoption and constraints
perceived by the respondents in wheat production technology were studied.
The study shows that in Afghanistan, most of the farmers were from middle aged group
and small farmers, majority illiterate and used regularly canal but in critical time tube well as an
irrigation source. Further it could be observed that majority of the respondents had low level of
social participation, extension contact, mass media exposure, farm implements, training
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received, source of information, marketing channels and change proneness, although some of
them had medium category of socio-economic status, scientific orientation, irrigation facilities,
annual family income (more than Rs. 100000/-) and risk orientation.
In India, the study shows most of the farmers were from middle aged group and medium
farmers, education up to matriculation and used both canal and tube well as an irrigation source
and had owned land. Further it could be observed that majority of the respondents had medium
level of socio-economic status, social participation, extension contact, mass media exposure,
irrigation facilities, training received, source of information, marketing channels, risk
orientation and change proneness, while some of them had high category of scientific
orientation, farm implements and annual family income (more than Rs. 100000/-). Further, it
was observed that majority of the respondents had either low knowledge or adoption level about
wheat production technology of wheat in Afghanistan. But in India, majority of the respondents
had either medium knowledge or adoption level about wheat production technology. The study
revealed that in Afghanistan, among the constraints most serious constraints were Technical,
input and production, financial and marketing, respectively, where in india among the
constraints the most serious constraints were financial, input and production, technical and
marketing, respectively. In case of association between the independent variables and adoption
level of the respondents about wheat production technology, out of 16 independent variables in
Afghanistan, four showed positive and highly significant, two showed positive and significant,
nine showed positive and non- significant and one was negative and non-significant correlated
with the adoption level of the respondents about wheat production technology. But in India, out
of 16 independents variables, seven showed positive and highly significant, one showed
negative and highly significant, two showed positive and significant, five showed positive and
non-significant and one was negative and non-significant correlated with adoption level of
wheat growers about wheat production technology.