Assessment of CO2 Mitigation and Techno-economic Feasibility of Improved Cook Stoves in Tribal Household Kitchens
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Date
2020
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Publisher
MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
A study on “Assessment of CO2 Mitigation and Techno-economic
Feasibility of Improved Cook Stoves in Tribal Household Kitchens” was undertaken.
The objectives of the study were (i) To assess indoor air quality in tribal household
kitchens, (ii) To explore the health hazards associated with existing indoor air quality
in tribal household kitchens, (iii) To assess fuel saving and CO2 mitigation potential
of different cook stoves in tribal household kitchens, (iv) To study the technoeconomic
feasibility of traditional and improved cook stoves in selected tribal
household kitchens, (v) To generate awareness among tribal women regarding
improved cook stoves. An exploratory and experimental research design was used to
analyze the study. For the present investigation, two tribal panchayat samities i.e.
Gogunda and sayra were selected purposively. From the selected panchayat samities,
one village from each panchayat samitie namely Challi from Gogunda and Bisama
from sayra were selected purposively for the study. A sample of hundred households
i.e. 50 households from Challi Village and 50 households from Bisama village were
selected randomly for assessing indoor air quality in tribal household kitchens and
explore the health hazards associated with existing indoor air quality. For assessing
the techno-economic feasibility, fuel efficiency and CO2 mitigation potential of
different cook stoves in tribal household kitchens, twenty households from both the
village (ten from each village) who were willing to install improved cook stoves was
taken i.e. 20% of the sample were selected for experimental analysis. From the
remaining eighty households, ten households were taken as control group. A baseline
survey was conducted with the help of duly pretested interview schedule to collect the
data pertaining to availability and use of biomass and other fuels in rural households.
Problems faced by respondents in collection, fetching, storage and use of biomass fuels were also studied. Assessment of indoor air quality, CO and PM2.5 were done
using IAQ monitor from selected hundred household kitchens. To test the technoeconomic
feasibility of cook stove namely MPUAT model (Udairaj), Super Nova
cook stove, SPRERI cook stove was installed/given to the women and they were
asked to cook a pre-decided standard menu and three replications of cooking a predecided
standard menu with each type of cookstove were done. Three replications
were conducted with a gap of 5-6 days. For compliance of the fifth objective one day
awareness camp was organized in both the villages to generate awareness among
tribal women regarding improved cook stoves and their benefits in reducing health
hazards and improving the Indoor Air Quality in the tribal household kitchens and the
data was collected before and after the camp with the help of developed interview
schedule. To achieve the results of the present study, the information collected in each
phase was scored, coded, categorized, converted into tables, calculated in percentage
and analyzed through statistical analysis. Frequency, percentage, mean weighted
score, mean percent score were used for analysis of the data statistically.
The major finding of the study reveal that majority of the respondents were
married (80%), illiterate (62%), possessed large herd size (49%) and had low socio
economic status (65%). Majority of the respondents had pucca houses (67%) with
separate kitchens of mixed construction (58.00%). Cent per cent respondents were
using traditional chulha as main cooking stove, though they also had LPG stove
(72.00%). Traditional chulha was preferred by the respondents for making sabji/daal
(96.00%) and for heating of water (93.00%). Respondents who had LPG used mainly
for making tea and heating of milk. Traditional chulha was used for 181-220 minutes
per day (26.00%) while LPG was used for upto 15 minutes per day. Respondents used
5.1- 10 kg. of biomass fuel (54.00%) in traditional chulha which was collected on
alternate day. During the cooking period the average concentration for CO and PM2.5
were found 14.5 PPM and 446.8 μg/m3 respectively which shows the greater
exposure.It exceeds the NAAQS (2015) Value of CO and PM2.5 i.e. 9 PPM and 40
μg/m3 as well as the WHO guideline i.e. 6 PPM and 25μg/m3. It is important to note
that the 24-hour average concentration of CO and PM2.5 concentration was found
higher than the prescribed value of NAAQS and WHO guideline which may lead to
hazardous concentrations to the health. Respondents faced ‘severe’ to ‘most severe’
problems in collection, fetching, storage and use of biomass fuels. The traditional cookstove has thermal efficiency by approximately 10 percent while consuming
approximately 5 kg of fuel per day to prepare two meals a day with average family
size five members. The double-pot cookstove can save approximately 1050 kg of fuel
wood per annum. The double pot improved cookstove can save approximately 1670
kg of CO2 per annum, by saving fuel wood. The double-pot improved cookstove is
made of cement and bricks and has at least five years of useful life. The construction
cost of single-pot cookstove is about 920.072 INR, and the construction of double-pot
cookstove is about 1,084.75 INR. The monetary value of saved fuel wood is
approximately 4,189.09 INR per annum. Hence the investment made to install such
devices can be recouped within a year.
Pre- exposure awareness of the respondents was recorded on various
aspects of improved cook stove and use of stove which was found to be low. After
imparting the awareness their knowledge level increased to high. This reflected
percentage gain in knowledge by 53.37 per cent for improved cook stove and use of
stove respectively.
Description
Assessment of CO2 Mitigation and Techno-economic Feasibility of Improved Cook Stoves in Tribal Household Kitchens
Keywords
Citation
Arya P. and Rathore H.