Assessment of Sowing Systemization, Irrigation Scheduling and Agrochemicals Usage in Late Sown Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Sub Humid Southern Plains and Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan
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Date
2021
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Assessment of Sowing Systemization, Irrigation Scheduling and Agrochemicals Usage in Late Sown Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Sub Humid Southern Plains and Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan” was conducted at Instructional Farm (Agronomy), Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur during rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19. The objectives of the study were to assess the effect of different sowing systemization under late sown wheat, to evaluate the response of different irrigation schedules under late sown wheat, to study the effect of hydrogel and salicylic acid in mitigating of stress in late sown wheat and to find out economic viability of the treatments.
Soils of experimental site was clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction and medium in available nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in available potassium status with good water holding capacity. The experiment consisted of 24 treatment combinations comprising three sowing methods (Line, FIRB and SWI), two level of irrigation scheduling (IW/CPE ratio 1.0 and 0.75) and four level of agrochemical application (water spray, hydrogel 10 kg ha-1, salicylic acid 200 ppm and hydrogel 10 kg ha-1 + salicylic acid 200 ppm). Wheat variety Raj-4238 was used as test crop. Combinations of these treatments were evaluated under split-plot design, allocating sowing methods and irrigation scheduling in main plots and agrochemicals application in sub-plots with three replications.
The results revealed that FIRB sowing recorded significantly increased plant height at 25, 50, 75 and 90 DAS and at harvest over line and SWI sowing but recorded at par with line sowing at harvest. Line sowing also recorded higher plant height over SWI sowing at all stages. Line sowing recorded higher DMA and total tillers over FIRB and SWI sowing, whereas, FIRB sowing also recorded the higher values of DMA over SWI sowing. Line and FIRB sowing reported higher number of effective tillers over SWI sowing but found at par to each other. Further, ear length, number of grains ear-1, weight of grains ear-1 and 1000-grain weight were significantly higher under SWI sowing followed by FIRB and line sowing. FIRB sowing recorded higher grain yield (4682 kg ha-1) over line and SWI sowing by 5.9 and 19.2 per cent. Whereas, line sowing recorded higher straw yield (6961 kg ha-1) over SWI sowing by 24.9 percent and found at par with FIRB sowing. Higher CUW (297.4 & 292.1 mm and CWUE (15.8 & 15.3 kg ha-1 mm) was recorded by FIRB and line sowing over SWI sowing but found at par to each other with respect to CUW. Higher grain protein content (11.0%), membrane stability index (70.0%), RWC at 60 DAS (70.9%) and 90 DAS (74.2%) and Chlorophyll a and b (1.850 & 0.429 mg g-1) recorded by SWI sowing followed by FIRB and line sowing. However, higher total soluble sugar (32.9 μg g-1), proline content (3.7 μg g-1) and flag leaf EC (0.896 dSm-1) was recorded under line sowing followed by FIRB and SWI sowing. Higher N, P and K content was reported by SWI sowing over FIRB and line sowing. Whereas, superior N, P and K uptake observed by FIRB sowing over line and SWI sowing. FIRB sowing recorded higher net return (₹ 78147) and B: C ratio (2.26) over line (₹ 72114 & 2.02) and SWI (₹ 61071 & 1.88) sowing.
With respect to irrigation scheduling, IW/CPE ratio 1.0 secured significant improvement in many growth parameters (plant height, dry matter accumulation, CGR, RGR, flag leaf area and total tillers m-1 row length) over IW/CPE ratio of 0.75. Concurrently, higher growth presentation resulted in notable improvement in yield attributes viz., effective tillers m-1 row length, ear length, grains ear-1, weight of grains ear-1 and 1000-grain weight. Grain yield increase to a extent of 11.4 per cent, straw (6.7 %) and biological yield (8.5%) under IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 over the IW/CPE ratio of 0.75. Remarkably more consumptive use of water (18.8%) was recorded under IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 over 0.75; however, water use efficiency under IW/CPE ratio at 1.0 was significantly lower (6.5%) than IW/CPE ratio of 0.75. Higher grain protein content (11.1%), membrane stability index (70.6%), RWC at 60 (69.3%) & 90 (72.7%) DAS and Chlorophyll a and b (1.863 & 0.418 mg g-1) recorded by IW/CPE ratio 1.0 over IW/CPE ratio 0.75. However, higher total soluble sugar (34.6 μg g-1), proline content (3.8 μg g-1) and flag leaf EC (0.817 dSm-1) was recorded under IW/CPE ratio 0.75. Higher nutrient content and uptake recorded with irrigation at IW/CPE ratio 1.0 over IW/CPE ratio 0.75. IW/CPE ratio 1.0 fetched significantly higher net return (₹ 75375 ha-1) over IW/CPE ratio of 0.75 (₹ 65514 ha-1). IW/CPE ratios at 1.0 also recorded maximum benefit cost ratio (2.18) over IW/CPE ratio 0.75 (1.93) in the present investigation.
The result revealed that hydrogel 10 kg ha-1 + salicylic acid 200 ppm i.e., hydrogel at the time of sowing and salicylic acid at 55 and 75 DAS resulted in significantly higher growth, yield, biochemical studies, nutrient content and uptake over water spray. Hydrogel 10 kg ha-1 + salicylic acid 200 ppm registered higher plant height at 75, 90 DAS and at harvest over other treatments but found at par with salicylic acid 200 ppm spray. Hydrogel 10 kg ha-1 + salicylic acid 200 ppm also recorded higher DMA and total tillers over other treatments. Similar pattern was observed with yield attributes viz., number of effective tillers m-1 row length, number of grains ear-1, weight of grains ear-1 and 1000-grain weight and thereby increasing grain (4530 kg ha-1), straw (6698 kg ha-1), biological yield (11228 kg ha-1) and harvest index (40.4%) over other treatments except salicylic acid 200 ppm. Higher CUW (293.5 mm), CWUE (15.5 kg ha-1 mm), nutrient content, nutrient uptake and improved biochemical parameters by hydrogel 10 kg ha-1 + salicylic acid 200 ppm was recorded over other treatments. Spray of salicylic acid 200 ppm recorded higher net return (₹ 74927) and B: C ratio (2.38) over water spray, hydrogel 10 kg ha-1 and hydrogel 10 kg ha-1 + salicylic acid 200 ppm
Description
Assessment of Sowing Systemization, Irrigation Scheduling and Agrochemicals Usage in Late Sown Wheat Humid Southern Plains and Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan
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Citation
Meena R.L. and Solanki N.S.