Quality analysis of irrigation water collected from different sources and places of Odisha
Loading...
Date
2020
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Department of Soil science and Agricultural Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar
Abstract
The study was conducted during the pre-monsoon period (April – May 2019) to
monitor the quality of different sources of water for assessing its suitability for
irrigation purposes in Odisha. For fulfilling the objective of this study three numbers
of surface water samples were collected during April-May, 2019 from middle reach
of nine major rivers, Mahanadi, Rushikulya, Brahmani, Subarnarekha, Kolab,
Bansadhara, salandi, Bahuda, and Ib. Similarly, triplicate Groundwater samples were
collected at 2 hours interval during April 2019. from 7 borewells, three borewells of
OUAT research Farm (Agronomy farm, Central Farm, and Orchard), one each at
Sambalpur, Rourkela, Gajapati and Ganjam. The samples were analyzed in the
laboratory for pH, EC, CO3
=
, HCO3
-
, Ca++, Mg++, Cl-1
, NO-1
3 Na+
, K+
, B, Fe, Mn, Zn,
Cu., Cd, and Cr and some derived indices like Sodium Adsorption Ratio(SAR),
Adjusted SAR, Residual Sodium Carbonates (RSC), Kelly’s ratio(KR), Permeability
Index(PI) and soluble sodium percentage (SSP) for assessing their suitability for
irrigation in terms of acidity/alkalinity, salinity, sodicity and specific ion and trace
element toxicity. Results reveal that Three rivers Mahanadi, Brahmani and
Bansadhara are of medium salinity (EC,0.25-0.75me/l). All the rivers have no
sodicity problem with RSC within the permissible limit of 2.5 me/l and free of
chloride and boron toxicity.All the surface water samples were safe with respect to
Zn(2mg/l), Cu(0.2mg/l), Fe(5mg/l), Mn(0.2mg/l) and Cr (0.1mg/l). But the water of
four major rivers exceeded the maximum permissible limit of cadmium. The rivers
which exceeded the MPL of Cd are in the order: Rushikulya,0.034mg/l > Kolab,
0.023mg/l. > Mahanadi ,0.014mg/l > Bahuda, 0.011mg/l.Groundwater samples
collected from the three Farms of OUAT at Bhubaneswar have pH below the
permissible limit of 6.5-8.5. With respect to other characteristics, they are safe to use.
Four groundwater sources at Sambalpur, Rourkela, Gajapati and Ganjam are of
medium salinity (EC, 0.25-0.75me/l) which can be safely used for irrigation with
management. In other cases the salinity level was safe(EC <0.25me/l). Groundwater
sample of Putibandha, Sambalpur, Rourkela and Ganjam where the salinity measured
medium in terms of EC also had sodicity problem. The water of Rourkela and
Ganjam have RSC more than safe limit but less than the maximum permissible limit.
But RSC in Groundwater of Sambalpur exceeded the MPL with Kelly’s Ratio(KR)
falling in the bad category and soluble sodium percentage (SSP) in doubtful category.
Water of all the seven bore wells has no chloride and boron toxicity. Nitrate was also
much below the maximum permissible level.All the groundwater samples are below
the toxicity level and safe with respect to Zn(2mg/l), Cu(0.2mg/l), Fe(5mg/l),
Mn(0.2mg/l) and Cr (0.1mg/l). But cadmium content of three sources exceeded the
maximum permissible limit. These are: Agronomy Farm, OUAT(0.011mg/l),
Putibandh, Sambalpur(0.011mg/l) and Rourkela(0.010 mg/l).All the surface water
samples collected from nine different rivers are of good quality and suitable for
irrigation purpose except some specific limitations associated with certain sources
which can be managed. Among all the groundwater sources tested, groundwater of
Putibandh area in Sambalpur district was most poor in quality and unsuitable for
irrigation.
Description
Th-6300