Comparative assessment of the adaptive capacity of goat to the heat stress based on genotype and phenotype
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Date
2021
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Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, OUAT, Bhubaneswar
Abstract
Melanogenesis is primarily mediated by the melanocortin receptor type 1 gene. The present
study was carried out to study the effect of polymorphism on animal coat colour and its
association with heat stress indicators such as rectal temperature, skin temperature, respiration
rate, heart rate, and cortisol level in goats under study. The genotyping (Dideoxy Sanger
sequencing) result of the present study revealed three SNPs each in the Ganjam and Keonjhar
goat populations and combinedly made four SNPs at 183rd (Y), 332nd (S), 748th (K) and 801st
(S) positions. A novel SNP was observed at 332th (S) position in the Keonjhar goat population.
Two amino acid changes (F250V and C267W) were observed due to the missense variation of
nucleotides. Eight haplotypes were constructed from the unphased nucleotide sequences using
the algorithm. The association between coat colour and the recorded traits revealed that white
animals with the "CCTC" haplotype had significantly (P<0.05) less rectal temperature, skin
temperature, respiration rate, and cortisol values as compared to black and brown animals. The
principal component analysis revealed that rectal temperature, skin temperature, respiration
rate, and cortisol values were related to each other and contributed more to the variance
components. The different gene flow and genetic differentiation parameters for the total
population, Ganjam goat and Keonjhar goat populations were estimated. The histomorphology
study of the skin of different coat-coloured goats supported the results of the present study that
white animals were less heat-stressed as compared to black and brown goats. The presence of
calcium ion, which plays a critical role in the ligand and receptor binding, doesn’t alter the
confirmation and the complexes formed between the MC1R protein and α-MSH ligand during
the docking study. In conclusion, according to the findings of the present study, the white coat
colour of the animal may be the reason for the white animals' lower heat stress levels as
compared to the black and brown coat colours of the animals. The haplotype CCTC, which was
linked to the white coat colour of the animals, suggests an association between the haplotype
and white animals' heat tolerance.
Description
TH - 6648