Diagnostic and Therapeutic studies on canine demodicosis

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Date
2021-12-21
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K)
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The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and clinio-therapeutic management of canine demodicosis over the period of 2020-21 at Referral Veterinary Hospital, SKUAST-Jammu. A total of 2723 dogs were screened for dermatological disorders and 92 (3.38 %) dogs were positive for demodicosis. The season wise prevalence peaked during the summer months (May-July) and was found higher in <1yr old dogs (52.17%) with male predominance (63.04%). Localized infestations (67.39%) were more commonly encountered as compared to the generalized form (32.61%) of the disease. Alopecia, erythema, papules, pustules, scales and crusts were the main clinical signs noted, mostly over the face (peri-ocular), neck and forelimbs. German Shepherd (22.82%), Labrador Retriever (19.56%) and Pariah (13.04%) were the more commonly affected breeds. Superglue slide impression technique (89.77%) was found almost equally sensitive as DSS; which was taken as golden standard with a relative sensitivity of 100 per cent. Blood samples of healthy and Demodex affected dogs were collected for estimation of haematological, biochemical, oxidative stress and minerals. All the three Demodex affected groups had a significantly lower (p<0.01) Hb, PCV, TEC, ALB, A/G ratio, SOD, CAT, GPx, Cu and Zn and a significantly higher (p<0.01) TLC, TP, GLB, AST, ALT, BUN, CRP and LPO values. Lymphopenia, neutrophilia and eosinophilia were also recorded in affected dogs. Morphometrical analysis of D. canis, D. cornei and D. injai revealed the prevalence as 69.56 per cent, 22.82 per cent and 7.60 per cent, respectively. The mean±SE length and breadth (µm) of D. canis, D. injai and D. cornei was noted as 206.27±11.54 and 341.20±11.48 and 132.69±6.34, respectively and 35.40±1.17, 42.45±1.34 and 34.16±1.43, respectively. The mean±SE opisthosoma: total body length ratio of D. canis, D. injai and D. cornei was calculated as 0.59±0.014, 0.70±0.01 and 0.42±0.02, respectively. The efficacy of fluralaner was recorded as 98.30 per cent and 100 per cent, on 28th and 45th day post treatment and was found more effective in treating canine demodicosis when compared to ivermectin given orally daily for four weeks or subcutaneously once weekly for four weeks. It was concluded that single oral dose of fluralaner was more effective in treatment of canine demodicosis.
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