Studies on Cereal Cyst Nematode, Heterodera avenae (Wollenweber, 1924) Infecting Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
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Date
2021
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
Cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae (Wollenweber, 1924) is considered to be the most important nematode pest of wheat and causes severe losses in India due to favourable soil and environmental conditions. Van Berkum and Seshadri (1970) estimated that cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae alone causes a loss of Rs. Six crores per annum in the state of Rajasthan alone. Hajihasani et al. 2010 reported that damage to plant growth of wheat and yield loss of 100% can occur in heavily infested H. avenae fields.
Looking to the economic importance of cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae numbers of attempts have been made to studies on various aspects of H. avenae on wheat but still survey, ecological and management options for this nematode on wheat is lacking. Therefore, to fill this gap of knowledge present investigation was carried out to study various aspects of H. avenae on wheat.
Survey results showed that occurrence of H. avenae on wheat was observed to be 62.50 per cent with an average population of 11.50 females per plant, 25.13 cysts per 200 cc soil and 778.97 juveniles per 200 cc soil in surveyed places of Udaipur district of Rajasthan.
Results of soil type revealed that light textured soil favours reproduction of Heterodera avenae followed by medium and heavy textured soil. However, better plant growth of wheat was observed in heavy textured soil.
Pathogenecity trial showed that plant growth characters gradually increased with the increase in inoculum levels i.e. up to 2 cyst per plant and significantly reduced at and above 4 cyst level. The threshold level of cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae was observed 4 cyst per plant on wheat. Screening trial was conducted to find out the source of resistance against cereal cyst nematode, H. avenae. Results showed that out of seventeen varieties tested, none was found resistant. However, three varieties namely HI-8498, HI-8737 and HI-1531 recorded moderately resistant reaction to cereal cyst nematode, H. avenae. Rest of varieties showed susceptible reaction.
Among bio-agents, seed treatment with Trichoderma viride at 10.0% w/w was found most effective followed by VAM, Glomus fasciculatum at 10.0% w/w and Glomus fasciculatum at 5.0% w/w to enhance plant growth parameters of wheat and to reduce the infection of H. avenae.
Results of botanical trial exhibited that dry leaves powder as seed and soil treatment significantly enhanced plant growth of wheat and reduced H. aveane infection. Neem leaf powder at 2% seed treatment (ST) + 2 g/pot as soil application (SA) was found significantly superior in improving plant growth of wheat and to reduced the infection of Heterodera avenae followed by dry leaves powder of Amaranthus at 1% ST + 2 g/pot SA and Amaranthus at 2% as ST+ 1 g/pot as SA.
Description
Studies on Cereal Cyst Nematode, Heterodera avenae Infecting Wheat
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Citation
Yadav t. And Baheti B.L.