Effect of Fertility Levels and Different Herbicides on the Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
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Date
2021-07-04
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Agriculture University, Jodhpur
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of
Agriculture-Jodhpur, Rajasthan (Agriculture University, Jodhpur) during Rabi
seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20. The experiment consisted of three fertility levels
[75% RDF (90-30 kg N-P2O5/ha), 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P2O5/ha) and 125% RDF
(150-50 kg N-P2O5/ha)] and seven herbicidal treatments (trisulfuron @ 15 g/ha 35
DAS; sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha 35 DAS; clodinafop propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha 35 DAS; carfentrazon @ 20 g/ha
35 DAS; metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g/ha 35 DAS; weedy check and weed free check).
The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design (SPD) with RDF in main and
herbicides in sub plot replicated three times.
Findings based on pooled analysis indicate that the lowest total weed dry
weight at harvest was recorded with application of 75% RDF (24.72 g/m2
). The N, P
and K depletion by weed at 50 DAS and at harvest were increased significantly with
increasing level of fertility upto 125% RDF. The plant height (89.14 cm) and crop dry
matter (300.8 g/meter row length) at harvest stage were increased significantly up to
100% RDF on pooled basis. The LAI at 50 (3.06) & 75 DAS (4.01), CGR between
50-75 (17.08 g/m2
/day) and NAR (5.57 g/m2
leaf area/day) between 50-75 DAS were
also responded significantly with application of fertilizer up to 100% RDF on pooled
basis.
Further, application of 100% RDF levels substantially improved yield
attributing characters viz., number of total tillers/meter row length (147), spikes/meter
row (143), spike length (13.36 cm), grains/spike (41.52) and test weight (45.44 g)
over 75% RDF. Application of 100% RDF recorded significantly higher grain yield
(4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha), biological yield (9103 kg/ha) and harvest
index (44.82%) over 75% RDF on pooled basis. Application of 100% RDF recorded
higher N (54.59 kg/ha), P (5.05 kg/ha) and K (45.20 kg/ha) uptake in wheat plant over
75% RDF. N and K uptake by crop at 50 DAS was significantly increased upto 100%
RDF whereas, uptake of phosphorus was significantly enhanced with each graded
level of fertility up to 125% RDF on pooled basis. At harvest, application of 100%
RDF significantly improved total N, P and K uptake of wheat by 28.04, 25.7 and
21.0% over 75% RDF, respectively. Additionally, significant improvement in crude
protein content (10.10%) and protein yield (415.4 kg/ha) were also recorded with
application of 100% RDF over 75% RDF on pooled basis. Application of 100% RDF
recorded markedly higher N (72.98 and 25.93 kg/ha), P (13.25 and 8.73 kg/ha) and K
(19.45 and 82.90 kg/ha) uptake in grain and straw of wheat over 75% RDF,
respectively.
Interaction effect between fertility levels and herbicides on N and P uptake
in grain was found statistically significant. Herbicides ‘clodinafop-propargyl 15% +
metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha’ recorded higher N (86.11 and 32.79 kg/ha) and P
uptake in grain with the application of 100% RDF over 75% RDF on pooled basisThe results on pooled basis reveal that clodinafop-propargyl 15% +
metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha gave the lowest total weed density (7.06/m2
) and weed
dry weight at harvest (9.52 g/m2
). The higher weed control efficiency (91.30%), weed
index (1.91), herbicide efficiency index (0.221) and crop resistance index at 50 DAS
(9.68), 75 DAS (10.81) and at harvest (17.65) were recorded with clodinafop propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha. On pooled basis, application of
clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha and weed free check
plots were on par and gave significantly minimum removal of N, P and K by weed at
50 DAS (1.13, 0.109 and 0.940 kg/ha) and at harvest (1.608, 0.165 &1.335 kg/ha),
respectively. These treatments also remained at par with sulfosulfuron 75% +
metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha.
Herbicide ‘clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha’
substantially enhanced growth attributes viz., plant height at harvest (92.33 cm), crop
dry matter (325.5 g/meter row length), tillers/meter row length (156), leaf area index
at 50 DAS (3.15) at 75 DAS (4.05), net assimilation rate between 50-75 DAS (5.30
g/m2
leaf area/day) and crop growth rate between 50-75 DAS (16.49 g/m2
/day) over
weedy check. Further, the herbicide ‘clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl
@ 64 g/ha at 35 DAS’ also recorded marked improvement in yield attributes viz.,
spikes/meter row length (153), spike length (14.28 cm), grains/spike (44.52), test
weight (46.27g), grain yield (4374 kg/ha), straw yield (5381 kg/ha) and biological
yield (9755 kg/ha) over weedy check, on pooled basis
Considerably higher N (56.95 kg/ha), P (5.83 kg/ha) and K (49.39) uptake in
wheat plant at 50 DAS was recorded under application of clodinafop-propargyl 15%
+ metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha over rest of the treatments However it was at par
with sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha. Substantially higher
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by grain (80.70, 14.78 & 21.98 kg/ha) and
straw (28.62, 10.09 & 92.38 kg/ha) were recorded by clodinafop-propargyl 15% +
metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha on pooled basis.
Post-harvest soil fertility analysis of wheat crop reveal significant
improvement in available nitrogen (173.97 kg/ha) and phosphorus (22.57 kg/ha) with
the application of 100 and 125% RDF over 75% RDF on pooled basis. Moreover,
application of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha and
sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha significantly enhanced
available nitrogen (174.84 & 174.83 kg/ha), phosphorus (23.67 & 23.65 kg/ha) and
potassium (325.36 & 325.10 kg/ha) recorded in soil after harvest of wheat over rest of
treatments on pooled basis.
Economic analysis predict, that application of 100% RDF along with
clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha recorded significantly
higher grain yield (4662 kg/ha), net return (`88,370/ha) and B: C ratio (3.16).
Thus, based on the data of two years, it can be concluded that wheat grown
under the agro-climatic condition of Zone-I a, can be fertilized with 100% RDF (120
kg nitrogen & 40 kg phosphorus/ha) along with application of clodinafop-propargyl
15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha for management of weeds.
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Citation
Sarita 2021. Effect of Fertility Levels and Different Herbicides on the Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Ph.D. thesis, College of Agriculture, Agriculture University Jodhpur