Doppler Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Renal Affections in Geriatric Dogs
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2021-03-23, 2021-03-23
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K)
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K)
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K)
Abstract
The present study was conducted on 27 geriatric dogs of either sex, aged 7-13 years, divided into two groups; group I (6 dogs) and group II (21 dogs). Twenty one clinical cases (Group II) suspected for renal affections were evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography as a modality for the diagnosis of renal affections. All these dogs were subjected to detailed clinical, haemato-biochemical examination, radiography, B-mode ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography of abdomen to narrow the diagnosis of renal affections. USG–guided renal biopsy was taken to confirm the diagnosis. The heart rate, respiratory rate, were significantly higher in group II dogs. Haemoglobin, PCV and TEC were significantly lower, whereas TLC was significantly higher in group II dogs. Anaemia, leucocytosis and neutrophilia were the consistent findings in group II dogs. Significant increase in proteinuria, BUN, creatinine, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were observed in Group II dogs. Mean values of AST, ALP and GGT were higher in group II dogs. Radiographic findings revealed decreased size of kidneys and increased opacity in group II dogs. USG findings were highly sensitive for detecting parenchymal changes. Renal affections diagnosed were chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, end stage kidney, nephrolithiasis, renal cysts and hydronephrosis. Significant ultrasonographic features in these affections, increased cortical echogenicity and poor demarcation of renal pyramids and renal sinus, loss of architectural details, small sized irregular shaped kidney with loss of corticomedullary differentiation, hyperechoic structures with distal acoustic shadowing, circular /oval shaped structures containing anechoic fluid having distal acoustic enhancement and dilatation of renal pelvis. Dogs in group II showed reduced cortical vascularity with elevated mean values of RI (0.73±0.041) and PI (1.59±0.06) indicating renal damage. Sensitivity and specificity of Doppler ultrasonography was 82.35%. From the present study it was concluded that radiography and ultrasonography (B mode and Doppler) are useful diagnostic tools and resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) are good indicators of progression of renal diseases in geriatric dogs but needle biopsy is required for confirming the diagnosis.
The present study was conducted on 27 geriatric dogs of either sex, aged 7-13 years, divided into two groups; group I (6 dogs) and group II (21 dogs). Twenty one clinical cases (Group II) suspected for renal affections were evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography as a modality for the diagnosis of renal affections. All these dogs were subjected to detailed clinical, haemato-biochemical examination, radiography, B-mode ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography of abdomen to narrow the diagnosis of renal affections. USG–guided renal biopsy was taken to confirm the diagnosis. The heart rate, respiratory rate, were significantly higher in group II dogs. Haemoglobin, PCV and TEC were significantly lower, whereas TLC was significantly higher in group II dogs. Anaemia, leucocytosis and neutrophilia were the consistent findings in group II dogs. Significant increase in proteinuria, BUN, creatinine, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were observed in Group II dogs. Mean values of AST, ALP and GGT were higher in group II dogs. Radiographic findings revealed decreased size of kidneys and increased opacity in group II dogs. USG findings were highly sensitive for detecting parenchymal changes. Renal affections diagnosed were chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, end stage kidney, nephrolithiasis, renal cysts and hydronephrosis. Significant ultrasonographic features in these affections, increased cortical echogenicity and poor demarcation of renal pyramids and renal sinus, loss of architectural details, small sized irregular shaped kidney with loss of corticomedullary differentiation, hyperechoic structures with distal acoustic shadowing, circular /oval shaped structures containing anechoic fluid having distal acoustic enhancement and dilatation of renal pelvis. Dogs in group II showed reduced cortical vascularity with elevated mean values of RI (0.73±0.041) and PI (1.59±0.06) indicating renal damage. Sensitivity and specificity of Doppler ultrasonography was 82.35%. From the present study it was concluded that radiography and ultrasonography (B mode and Doppler) are useful diagnostic tools and resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) are good indicators of progression of renal diseases in geriatric dogs but needle biopsy is required for confirming the diagnosis.
The present study was conducted on 27 geriatric dogs of either sex, aged 7-13 years, divided into two groups; group I (6 dogs) and group II (21 dogs). Twenty one clinical cases (Group II) suspected for renal affections were evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography as a modality for the diagnosis of renal affections. All these dogs were subjected to detailed clinical, haemato-biochemical examination, radiography, B-mode ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography of abdomen to narrow the diagnosis of renal affections. USG–guided renal biopsy was taken to confirm the diagnosis. The heart rate, respiratory rate, were significantly higher in group II dogs. Haemoglobin, PCV and TEC were significantly lower, whereas TLC was significantly higher in group II dogs. Anaemia, leucocytosis and neutrophilia were the consistent findings in group II dogs. Significant increase in proteinuria, BUN, creatinine, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were observed in Group II dogs. Mean values of AST, ALP and GGT were higher in group II dogs. Radiographic findings revealed decreased size of kidneys and increased opacity in group II dogs. USG findings were highly sensitive for detecting parenchymal changes. Renal affections diagnosed were chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, end stage kidney, nephrolithiasis, renal cysts and hydronephrosis. Significant ultrasonographic features in these affections, increased cortical echogenicity and poor demarcation of renal pyramids and renal sinus, loss of architectural details, small sized irregular shaped kidney with loss of corticomedullary differentiation, hyperechoic structures with distal acoustic shadowing, circular /oval shaped structures containing anechoic fluid having distal acoustic enhancement and dilatation of renal pelvis. Dogs in group II showed reduced cortical vascularity with elevated mean values of RI (0.73±0.041) and PI (1.59±0.06) indicating renal damage. Sensitivity and specificity of Doppler ultrasonography was 82.35%. From the present study it was concluded that radiography and ultrasonography (B mode and Doppler) are useful diagnostic tools and resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) are good indicators of progression of renal diseases in geriatric dogs but needle biopsy is required for confirming the diagnosis.