Diagnostic and Therapeutic Studies on Chronic Gastritis in Dogs
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Date
2021-10-27
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K)
Abstract
The present study was conducted on 32 dogs with the objective to evaluate the significance of different diagnostic techniques for diagnosis of chronic gastritis and to evolve a suitable therapeutic regimen. The overall prevalence of chronic gastritis was found to be 1.18% with maximum prevalence in the age group of 4-8 years (34.37%). Gender wise prevalence revealed higher occurrence in males (66%) than females (34%). Labrador retriever was the most affected breed (36%), followed by German shepherd (12.5%) and pug (12.5%). The investigation of etiological factors of chronic gastritis revealed systemic origin in 81.25% followed by gastric foreign body in 15.63% and parasitic origin in 3.12% dogs. The chronic gastritis due to systemic causes include renal failure (31.25%), followed by hepatic origin (21.87%), diabetic origin (15.63%) and pyometra (12.5%). The most consistent clinical signs observed were chronic vomiting (100%), followed by inappetence (62.5%), anorexia (37.5%), lethargy (31.3%), weight loss (31.3%), abdominal pain (28.1%), ptyalism (21.8%), melena (18.8%), diarrhea (18.8%), and hematemesis (12.5%). Hematology revealed low Hb, PCV and TEC in chronic gastritis due to renal, hepatic, diabetic and pyometra group except in the gastric foreign body with a significant increase. Neutrophillic leukocytosis was present in foreign body, hepatic, diabetic and pyometra and neutropenia in renal failure group. Biochemical values revealed a varied picture with decreased protein, albumin and increased BUN in renal, diabetic and pyometra cases. A significantly increased glucose and creatinine was observed in the diabetic and renal group respectively. Blood gas analysis revealed metabolic alkalosis in gastric foreign body and metabolic acidosis in renal failure and diabetic cases. Plain radiographic examination was helpful in diagnosing the radiopaque gastric foreign bodies associated with gastritis and pyometra. B-mode ultrasonography was a reliable technique in the diagnosis of gastric ulcers and assessing the gastric wall thickness. Endoscopy acted as a prognostic tool for early evaluation of gastric mucosal lesions and foreign bodies. Histopathology of the gastric mucosal biopsy samples revealed atrophy of gastric glands, epithelial degeneration and fibrous connective tissue proliferation confirmatory for diagnosis of the chronic gastritis. Therapeutic trial with different combination of drugs gave satisfactory results in foreign body, diabetic, hepatic, pyometra and parasitic group. However, in chronic gastritis due to renal failure, helped in management of cases.