Economics of rearing buffaloesin punjab state with especial emphasis on male calves

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Date
2020
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Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Livestock Sector plays an important role in agricultural sector as its contribution to the total agricultural GDP was 26 per cent and 36 per cent in India and Punjab respectively during 2018-19. The present study was conducted in three agro-climatic zones of Punjab by selected 90 buffalo farmers in the district viz. Hoshiarpur, Patiala and Mansa by simple random sampling method. The economics of buffalo was calculated on lactation basis while the cost of rearing of buffalo male calves was calculated on the basis of age group. Dairy and livestock sector are important components related with the agricultural activities. The contribution in total milk production of state was 26 per cent of crossbred cattle as compared to significantly higher contribution of 72 per cent of buffalo in 2018-19. The milk production in Punjab has increased from 1.96 million tonnes to 12.6 million tonnes during the period from 1970 to 2019 with the growth rate of 3.32 per cent. There were 35.55 per cent of buffalo farmers were landless, about 87.77 per cent of the household have dairy farming as their main occupation. The average age at 1st calving was 43 months, and inter-calving period was 469 days, lactation length (days) was 281 days, dry period (days) was 188 days, average milk yield (liters/day) was 8.3 lts/day. The milk yield of 2920 litres was highest in 4th lactation period The lactation-wise total cost of rearing buffalo was highest in 2nd lactation i.e. `95393 and the net profit was `52335 in 4th lactation period. The total cost of rearing of heifer was `51991. The total cost of rearing of buffaloes during lifespan period was `828960 and net return was `31274. The cost of rearing of buffalo male calves was highest in first 3 months i.e. `1634.85 and maximum profit was `3155 in 9th -12th month period. Due to reproduction related problems, maximum culling was occurred in central zone i.e. 40.51 per cent. The maximum disposal rate in 3rd-5th lactation period was 32.23 per cent. The main reason of culling of male calves was due to lack of awareness of feeding practices. The disposal rate of male calves was maximum in 1st-3rd age group was 95.00 per cent. The main production constraint of buffalo rearing was due to repeat breeding and the main marketing constraint was fluctuation prices of buffalo milk. The production constraint of male calves was due to high cost of feed and fodder while marketing constraint was sale price of male calves was less. It was suggested that there should be reducing age at first calving, less inter-calving period, providing subsidy for rearing of heifers, AI practices should reached at farmers doorstep for the promotion of rearing buffaloes and male calves.
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T1915
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