Economics of boro rice Production and Marketing in Purnea district of Bihar: An Exploratory Study
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Date
2020
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Department of Agricultural Economics, BAU, Sabour
Abstract
The study was conducted to analyses the economics of production and marketing of boro rice in Purnea district selected purposively on the basis of primary data collected from 90 boro rice farmers of Baisi block of the district as well as the required secondary data. The sample of farmers was selected on the basis of Multistage Sampling Technique consisted of 16 marginal & small farmers (17.78 %), 40 semi medium farmers (44.44 %), 23 medium farmers (25.56 %) and 11 large farmers (12.22 %). It was found that the main occupation of 68.89 per cent of sample farmers was crop farming. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of area, production and productivity of all rice in Bihar state from 1997-98 to 2017-18 was estimated as 1.09 per cent, 0.68 per cent and 0.62 per cent, respectively while that of boro rice in the satae was found as 1.73 per cent for area, 1.58 per cent for production and 0.91 per cent for productivity. The annual growth rate of all rice for the same period in zone II of Bihar was 1.18 percent, 0.84 per cent and 0.72 per cent while that of boro rice it was 1.60, 1.44 percent and 0.90 per cent for area, production and productivity, respectively. Thereby showing that area, production and productivity of all rice and also of boro rice has increased from 1997-98 to 2017-18 in the state. The CAGR of area under boro rice in different districts of zone II viz.; Araria, Katihar, Khagaria, Kisanganj, Madhepura, Purnea, Saharsha and Supaul was estimated as 1.02, 1.42, 0.85, 0.70, 4.46, 3.18, 6.61 and 3.00 per cent while of production as 1.03, 1.17, 0.66, 0.72, 4.57, 3.08, 5.18 and 2.50 per cent, respectively. The CAGR of productivity in these district was 1.01, 0.82, 0.78, 1.03, 1.02, 0.97, 0.78 and 0.83 per cent, respectively. It indicates that during the period highest increase in area (6.61 per cent) and production (5.18 per cent) under boro rice was in the district of Saharsa followed by 4.46 per cent and 4.57 per cent in Madhepura and 3.18 percent and 3.08 Purnea districts, respectively. The economics of boro rice cultivation was estimated in terms of total cost, variable cost and fixed cost, as well as income in terms of gross return, net return and return to cost ratio. The yield of boro rice was 61.54, 60.87, 60.46 and 65.40 quintal per ha on marginal & small, semi medium, medium and large farms, respectively. The net income over variable cost and total cost, as well as return to total cost ratio on overall basis was estimated as 42877, 32292 and 1.33, respectively. The net income over total variable cost was Rs 48564, Rs 41202, Rs 35282 and Rs 40103 per ha, respectively for marginal & small, semi medium, medium and large farms. The Return to cost ratio was estimated as 1.28, 1.35, 1.43 and 1.36 on four category of farms, respectively. The average production of boro rice per farm was estimated as 32.62, 54.78, 83.43 and 127.53 quintal on marginal & small, semi medium, medium and large farms, respectively. The marketing Pattern I (Producer-Village Trader) was followed by 54.44 per cent of sample farmers while Pattern II (Producer- Wholesaler) and Pattern III (Producer-Rice Miller) was followed by 28.86 per cent and 16.67 per cent farmers in marketing of boro rice. The Pattern I was most preferred by the farmers in the study. The Marketed Surplus of boro rice was highest (79.31 per cent) on marginal & small farms while it ranged between 37.83 percent (medium farms) to 46.48 per cent (semi-medium farm) with mean as 41.62 per cent. The constraints faced by sample farmers in production and marketing of boro rice were analyzed using Garrett’s Ranking Technique. The constraints were classified as agro-ecological, technological, economic and marketing constraints on the basis of farmers’ response based on their experience about boro rice production. The irrigation was the most important constraint (Garrett Score 73 per cent) among agro-ecological, availability of seed (GS 69 per cent) as technological and low market price (GS 72.80 per cent) under marketing constraints faced by sample farmers. It is concluded from the study that though the area, production and productivity of boro rice has increased in Bihar state as well as in its zone II there is still unexploited potentials. It is also more profitable as compared to kharif rice. Therefore, there is need for development of improved short duration dwarf and cold tolerant varieties, its management practices backed with efficient marketing facility to enhance income of the farmers.