Adoption and Adoptability of Knol-khol (Brassica oleracea var. gongyloides) Varieties in Sub-tropics of Jammu region
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Date
2021-06
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
Abstract
Knol-khol is a European vegetable and is very popular in Jammu and Kashmir union territory (UT) of India. Jammu, Samba and Udhampur districts of the UT are famous for the production of quality knol-khol. Jammu and Samba districts were selected for the study as they have the maximum area under knol-khol cultivation in Jammu region. A proportionate random sampling procedure, based on the area under knol-khol cultivation in these districts was employed for the selection of villages. The area under knol- khol cultivation in Jammu district and Samba district was 599 ha and 121 ha, respectively. A list of knol-khol growing villages was prepared and 12 villages from Jammu district and 2 villages from Samba district were randomly selected. A list of knol-khol growing farmers with a minimum of 1 kanal (1/20 ha) area under vegetable cultivation was prepared from the selected villages during the year 2020 and 10 farmers from each selected village were randomly selected, thereby making a total sample size of 140 farmers for the purpose of the study.
The KVK Samba carried out front line demonstrations (FLDs) of the university released G 40 variety of knol-khol. The KVK laid 9 demonstrations on the farmers’ fields, each in 2017-18 and 2018-19. In the year 2019-20 KVK samba again laid the FLDs for 20 farmers. Thus, to study the adoption and adoptability of university released G 40 knol-khol variety, 38 farmers of Samba district were selected as final respondents. Thus, a total sample of 178 (140+ 38) farmers were taken as respondents for the present study. Among 178 respondents, 1 of the respondent who was given G 40 seed by KVK Samba could not sow the seed. The result of the study showed that average age of the respondent was 46 (SD= ±14.08) years. Average education of the respondents was 9.0±3.36 years. Majority of the respondents (62%) had agriculture as only source of income. Average land holding of the respondent farmer was 1.24±0.65 hectare. Average experience in knol-khol cultivation of the respondents was 23.64±10.48 years. Majority of the respondents (73%) had pump/ motor pump as a source of irrigation for their fields. The major source of information of the knol-khol growers were input dealers, followed by agriculture department and progressive farmers. Average area under G 40, King of Market (KOM) and Purple Viena (PV) was 0.09±0.08 ha, 0.22±0.14 ha and 0.19±0.11 ha, respectively.
SKUAST Jammu was a source of seed for all the G 40 growers, whereas for KOM and PV growers, the source of seed was input dealers. Average cost of land preparation was Rs. 5669.49±1351.71. Majority of G 40 growers had directly sown the knol-khol in the month of October 2018-19-20, whereas majority of the KOM and PV growers had directly sown knol-khol in the month of September 2020. There was no insect/ pest attack in G 40 and PV variety of knol-khol whereas in KOM, only 5 per cent of the respondents identified insects and all of them used chemical method to control insects/ pests and average quantity of pesticides applied was 0.84±0.29 litre/ha. Average production per respondent of G 40, KOM, PV varieties of knol-khol was 17.48 ±9.84 q, 43.68±24.22 q and 36.30±19.26 q, respectively. Average sale price of G 40, KOM and PV varieties of knol-khol was `1385±9.76, `1459±186.8 and `1464±219.43 per quintal. Average yield of G 40, KOM and PV varieties was 213.51±33.35 q/ha, 198.62±31.06 q/ha and 185±40.44 q/ha, respectively. Method of sowing, seed rate and quantity of DAP applied significantly affected productivity of university released variety G 40. Seed rate, depth of sowing, month of sowing and quantity of DAP applied, significantly affected productivity of KOM variety. Method of sowing, area under PV variety, seed rate and quantity of urea applied significantly affected the productivity of PV variety of knol-khol. Area under knol-khol, quantity of DAP applied in nursery, quantity of decomposer applied in nursery, depth of ploughing and use of pre-emergence weedicides significantly affected the productivity of both the university released and other varieties. The overall value obtained on adoptability index developed by Peshin, R (2013) was 0.82.The input:output ratio was highest in G 40 (6.19:1), followed by PV (5.06:1) and in KOM it was (4.83:1) . The benefit:cost (B:C) ratio was highest in G 40 (5.19) followed by PV (4.06) and then KOM (3.83).