Chemical derivatizations of major constituent of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and their biological activity
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Date
2021
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Cuminum cyminum is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the family Apiaceae genus
Cuminum. In the present study, chemical composition of essential oil and different solvent
extracts of cumin of variety GC-4 was determined by GC-MS analysis. Cuminaldehyde was
found to be the major constituent present in the essential oil and second major compound
present in the different solvent extracts (except chloroform). The proximate analysis of cumin
seeds showed that it contains 8.58±0.20, total minerals 8.62±0.05, crude protein 14.43±0.02,
crude fibre 11.06±0.01, fats 15.00±0.04, total sugars 2.30±0.21 and total carbohydrates
40.01±0.06. Elemental investigation of cumin seeds showed that it contains micronutrients
like Iron: 181.33, copper: 14.25, manganese: 25.75, zinc: 31.25, chromium: 10.15, nickel:
2.38, cobalt: 2.05, cadmium: 2.03, lead: 58.75, arsenic: 118.50 in parts per million
concentrations. Phytochemical study revealed that various phytochemicals viz alkaloids,
saponins, tannins, coumarins, amino acids, flavonoids, proteins, phenols and carbohydrates
were present in different solvent extracts. Aqueous extract of cumin seeds was used as a bioreductant
for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Different derivatives i.e. Schiff Bases,
hydrazones, thiosemicarbazones, chalcones and pyrazolines of major constituent of essential
oil namely cuminaldehyde (isolated from essential oil by column chromatography) were
synthesized. Characterization of synthesized compounds was done using UV-visible, FT-IR, 1
H and 13C NMR. Essential oil, different solvent extracts, silver nanoparticles, cuminaldehyde
and its derivatives were screened for their antioxidant (via DPPH assay), microbial (against
Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp.) and fungicidal potential (against
Fusarium wilt, Ascochyta blight and Bortrytis gray mould. Cuminaldehyde derivatives were
found more effective as compared to cumin essential oil, its major constituent, different
solvent extracts of cumin seeds and silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous cumin seed
extract.
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Citation
Pardeep Kaur (2021). Chemical derivatizations of major constituent of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and their biological activity (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.