“EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF DAUCUS CAROTA L. ROOTS ON CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSED RATS” 3066
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Date
2020-09
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JAU, JUNAGADH
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and
immunomodulatory activities of Daucus carota L. polysaccharide (DCP) on
cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressed rats.
In this study, forty-two male SD rats were divided into seven different groups,
namely normal control group (C1), vehicle control group (C2), toxic control group
(C3), standard treatment group (ST), treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3). All rats were
treated with cyclophosphamide (CYP) at the dose rate of 100 mg/kg, i.p on 9th and 16th
day of experiment except normal control group (C1). In this study, levamisole was
taken as standard drug and given at the dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg b.w, p.o every 2 day for
21 days in rats. Rats of T1, T2 and T3 groups were treated with polysaccharide extracts
of Daucus carota L., respectively at the dose rate of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150
mg/kg p.o for 21 days. Rats of C2 group was treated with carboxymethyl cellulose (1%,
p.o for 21 days).
The efficacy of Daucus carota L. polysaccharide (DCP) extract was assessed
based on clinical signs, organ indices, hematological, biochemical alteration, alteration
in humoral and cell mediated immune response, oxidative stress parameters, changes
in hepatic mRNA expression of antioxidant gene, gross and histopathological
examination of major functional organs. Rats of T1, T2, T3 and ST groups did not show
any clinical signs. The clinical signs observed in toxicity group (C3) were exhibited in
appetence, hair loss, decrease body weight and lower food consumption throughout the
period of the experiment.
Phytochemical analysis of polysaccharide extract of Daucus carota L. showed
presence of sugar. The total carbohydrate content of the polysaccharide extract of
Daucus carota L. was estimated to be 94.08 ± 2.03 % of extract. The FI-IR fingerprint
of the polysaccharide extract of Daucus carota L. shown presence of functional group
like O-H, C-H, C=O and C-O.
Treatment with DCP increased the liver, kidney and spleen indices in a dose
dependent manner as compared to the cyclophosphamide group. DCP administration
(150 mg/kg) showed higher indices, indicating the protective effect of DCP against the
cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression. The toxicity effect of CYP on
hematological parameter was characterized by significant (p<0.05) decrease in hemoglobin, packed cell volume, platelets count, total erythrocytes count and total
leukocyte count. The elevation of those parameters values restored to normal level
when CYP treated rats with different dose of DCP in treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3).
Serum total protein, albumin and globulin were decreased in toxicity group (C3) while
in treatment groups T1, T2 and T3 were restored the biochemical parameter alterations
by administration DCP polysaccharide extract.
Cell mediated immune response evaluated by DTH observed increase in paw
skin thickness in groups treated with DCP (T1, T2 and T3) as compared to toxicity
group (C3). Neutrophil adhesion (%) was modified toward the normal level at a higher
dose of DCP as compared to the toxicity control group. The DCP treatmentsignificantly
stimulated splenic T and B-lymphocyte mediated proliferation as compared to the
toxicity control group. The DCP treatment significantly improved the HA titre in
treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) as compared to that of the toxicity control group (C3)
which is an indication of antibody production. In CYP-treated rats, the DCP restored
the levels of TNF-α and IL-10 at dose-dependent manner.
The DCP treatment (T1, T2 and T3) significantly enhanced the antioxidant
activity in CYP-treated rats, as shown by the evaluation of SOD, CAT and GSH
activities, as well as MDA levels in liver, kidney, spleen and intestine. Moreover,
hepatic CAT, SOD, GST and GPx mRNA expression of genes for the antioxidant
enzymes, were down-regulated by CYP treatment which was reversed by DHA.
Upon gross examination of all major organs (liver, spleen, kidney and intestine)
mild to moderate changes in gross pathological lesions in all treatment groups have
been observed while the rats of C3 group showed severe changes as compared to normal
control group. Histopathological findings revealed alterations in different organs (liver,
kidney, spleen and intestine) of toxicity group (C2), which was markedly improved by
treatment of DCP in dose-dependent manner.
In conclusion, daily oral administration of polysaccharide fraction from Daucus
carota L. roots at the dose rate of 100 mg/kg b.w have ameliorated cyclophosphamide
induced alterations in rats.