ECONOMICS AND ACREAGE RESPONSE OF SESAMUM IN SAURASHTRA REGION 2917
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Date
2019-08
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JAU, JUNAGADH
Abstract
Sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.) is an ancient oil yielding crop and
popularly known as “Queen of Oilseeds”. India account for the largest area under
sesamum cultivation in the world, contributing nearly 25 per cent to international
trade. In this connection, the study on “Economics and Acreage Response of
Sesamum in Saurashtra Region” was undertaken with the main objectives viz; to
assess the compound growth rate and instability analysis, acreage response, factors
considered by the famers for acreage allocation, temporal changes in cost and return
and problems faced by the farmers.
The study was conducted in Junagadh and Rajkot districts of the Saurashtra
region of Gujarat. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the two districts of
Saurashtra region. This was followed by random selection of 15 kharif and 15
summer sesamum growers from each selected talukas, (4). Thus, total 120 sesamum
growers. i.e. 60 kharif and 60 summer sesamum growers were selected for the study.
The secondary data were collected for the period 1995-96 to 2018-19 and 2010-11 to
2018-19 for analysis of acreage response of kharif and summer sesamum,
respectively. The compound growth rate, coefficient of variation, Nerlovian model
and Garrett’s ranking technique were used to analyzed the collected data.
The results revealed that the compound growth rates of the area, production
and yield of kharif sesamum showed declining trend in Junagadh and Rajkot districts.
The compound growth rates of productivity of summer and total sesamum increased
significantly in both of the districts. In general, instability in area and production
found higher than that in yield.
The study on acreage response of kharif sesamum, revealed that, one year the
lagged area was found to be positively influential factors in the farmers regarding area
allocation to kharif sesamum in all the models of Junagadh and Rajkot districts. The
kharif sesamum growers of Junagadh district are traditional in nature, they have not
responded to the price and non price factors too. Where as, farmers of Rajkot district exhibited rational behaviour to price factors and non price factors i.e. negative
response to area under competing crop, lagged price and yield risk. In both the
districts, summer sesamum growers consider the factors like area and price of
competing crop, lagged yield and total rainfall. The positive and significant impact of
total rainfall was found on summer sesamum acreage because it needs assured
irrigation facility. The higher value of long run elasticity (LR) indicated that the
farmers were relatively market oriented in their decision in the long run than in short
run in respect to the sesamum in Junagadh and Rajkot districts. According to farmers
opinions, for kharif sesamum, the low cost of cultivation of sesamum and price of
sesamum during last year were the common factors considered by farmers while
acreage allocation in both of the districts. In the summer sesamum the low cost of
cultivation of sesamum was found common factor while acreage allocation in both of
the districts.
The study on trend in input use and return from kharif and summer sesamum
revealed that use of family labour declined significantly over a period in quantity in
kharif as well as summer sesamum, while in value term, significant increase was
observed only in kharif sesamum. The average net profit observed more than double in
case of summer sesamum when compared with kharif sesamum. In Junagadh district,
the major problems faced by farmers in cultivation of kharif and summer sesamum
were; the lack of irrigation facilities in summer, lack of new technology and extension
support and lack of availability of quality seeds. In case of Rajkot district, the lack of
new technology and extension support and lack of availability of quality seeds were
common problems faced by farmers in cultivation of kharif and summer sesamum.