Seasonal Abundance and Management of Insect-Pests in Garden Pea
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Date
2020-10-13
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CSKHPKV Palampur
Abstract
Studies were conducted at CSKHPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh (India) during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to record seasonal incidence of insect-pests of garden pea and to evaluate bioefficacy of various organic products, indigenously prepared from the byproducts of Indian cow and locally available plant leaves, and a commercial formulation of azadirachtin (Neembaan) against them. Pea leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) (Family: Agromyzidae) and pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Family: Aphididae) were found to infest garden pea (variety PB-89) grown under different farming practices viz., Organic, Natural-1, Natural-2, Integrated and Conventional, which mainly differed on the basis of agro-inputs used for maintaining soil fertility. Different farming practices significantly influenced the seasonal incidence of the insect-pests. Overall average extent of pea leaf miner infestation was lowest in Integrated (7.47%) followed by Natural-1 (8.77%), Organic (10.34%), Conventional (11.56%) and Natural -2 (14.96%). The population counts of the pest also differed significantly on the crop raised under different farming practices. Aphid population (no./5 plants) was lowest in Organic (5.44) followed by Conventional (7.31), Natural-1(8.83), Integrated (9.23) and Natural-2 (11.01). Incidence of pea leaf miner showed significant positive correlation with temperature (max and min) whereas aphid population had significant positive correlation with sunshine. Different organic products viz., Agniastra, cow urine, Darekastra, Dashparni, Lantana extract, Tamarlassi and azadirachtin when applied after establishment of pea leaf miner infestation, as curative measures, resulted into significantly low levels of pea leafminer infestation compared to those in untreated control. After three sprays, average reduction in the extent of pea leaf miner infestation in different treatments varied from 9.71 to 40.57 per cent over control. Maximum reduction over control was recorded in Agniastra (40.57%), followed by azadirachtin (39.59%) and Dashparni (27.27%). Average reduction in the extent of infestation over control after seven sprays varied from 12.60 to 50.99 per cent among different treatments when their application was started just on the appearance of the pest, as prophylactic measures. Maximum reduction over control was observed in azadirachtin (50.99%) followed by Agniastra (39.05%) and Tamarlassi (37.77%). Agniastra, azadirachtin and Dashparni also resulted into significantly low population of the aphid compared to control; however, different treatments did not show any significant influence on parasitization of the aphid by different parasitoids. Per cent increase in yield of green pods obtained in different treatments over control varied from 3.12 to 42.01, maximum was in azadirachtin (42.01%) followed by cow urine (30.53%) and Agniastra (29.48%).