Water productivity, energetics and economics of maize based cropping sequences compared to rice-wheat system under different moisture regimes
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Date
2019
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out over two consecutive years of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Punjab
Agricultural University, Ludhiana. To compare various maize based crop sequences with rice-wheat
system, a replicated experiment was conducted with varying degrees of crop sequences and irrigation
regimes. Eight crop sequences were compared in the main plots: rice-wheat, maize-wheat, maize-potato-
mentha + onion, maize + cowpea (f)-potato-mentha + onion, maize + cowpea (f)-potato-spring maize,
maize + cowpea (f)-gobhi sarson-summer moong, maize-toria + gobhi sarson-summer moong and maize
+ cowpea (f)-toria + gobhi sarson-summer moong. Four irrigation regimes of IW/CPE ratio 0.75,
IW/CPE ratio 1.0, IW/CPE ratio 1.25 and recommended schedule were compared in sub plots. The rice
equivalent yield was significantly higher in maize + cowpea (f)-potato-mentha + onion followed by
maize-potato-mentha + onion and maize + cowpea-potato-spring maize compared to other crop
sequences. This was due to higher production potential of potato which ultimately increased the rice
equivalent yield of sequences in which potato was included as one of the component crop. The rice
equivalent yield of various crop sequences increased with increase in frequency of irrigation water. The
crop water productivity was significantly higher with maize + cowpea-potato-mentha + onion with I0.75
during both the years as compared to all other crop sequences and irrigation regimes combinations except
maize-potato-mentha + onion with I0.75. Rice-wheat sequence with recommended schedule produced
significantly lower crop water productivity as compared to maize-potato-mentha+ onion, maize +
cowpea (f)-potato-mentha + onion and maize-potato-spring maize with all the irrigation regimes during
both the years. The apparent water productivity was significantly higher in maize + cowpea-potato-
mentha + onion sequence as compared to all other crop sequences during both the years. The lowest
apparent water productivity was recorded with rice-wheat sequence under all the irrigation regimes. On
the basis of energy efficiency, R-W with IRec had lower energy efficiency compared to maize-wheat,
maize-potato-mentha+onion and maize+ cowpea (f)-potato-mentha+onion under all the irrigation
regimes during both the years. Among different maize based crop sequences, the most energy efficient
was maize+cowpea (f)-gobhi sarson-summer moong with IRec followed by maize+cowpea (f)-gobhi
sarson-summer moong with I1.25 during both the years. On the basis of energy productivity,
maize+cowpea (f)-gobhi sarson-summer moong with I1.25 was found to be the most energy productive
being statistically at par with rice-wheat with IRec and maize+cowpea (f)-gobhi sarson-summer moong
with IRec during 2016-17 while it was significantly better compared to rice-wheat with IRec during 2017-
18. Economic analysis reveals that R-W with IRec recorded the lowest net returns compared to maize-
potato-mentha+onion with I1.25 and IRec, maize+cowpea(f)-potato-mentha+onion with I1.25 and IRec and
maize+cowpea(f)-potato-spring maize with I1.25 and IRec during both the years.
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Citation
Navneet Kaur (2019). Water productivity, energetics and economics of maize based cropping sequences compared to rice-wheat system under different moisture regimes (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.