Biochemical diversity assessment in Cowpea (Vigna ungiculata) germplasm
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Date
2020
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DIVISION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES ICAR-INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE NEW DELHI -
Abstract
Cowpea is a legume consumed grown throughout Africa which is also used as a
vegetable and animal feed. Cowpea is a self pollinating, diploid plant of the fabaceae
family. It is a warm season crop mainly grown in the Indian states like Punjab,
Haryana, Delhi, and Western UP that can withstand heat better than any legume. It is a
rich source of carbohydrate (50-60%) and seed protein (24-30%) hence it is known as
poor man’s meat as the diet is taken in many under developed and developing
countries. Not only nutritional also anti nutritional factors are present in cowpea like
phytic acid and protease inhibitors which limits the bio availability of nutrition. There
are different methods of detecting and quantifying different biomolecules within the
grain; Near infrared spectroscopy is one of the non-destructive analytical methods used to
assess the quality parameter for both crop grain and food in the form of whole grain or
flour. In the present study 120 selected accessions of cowpea both indigenous and exotic
accessions were taken up for assessment for 5 biochemical parameters i.e. starch, sugar,
phenol, phytic acid & protein. These parameters showed a good range of variation for
phytate (0.69% to 1.88%), starch (27.5% to 42.7%), sugar (1.29% to 9.17%), phenol
(0.02 % to 0.83%) & protein (19.3% to 27.9%).The promising accessions are EC 390248
(27.9%), EC 170579 (27.7%) for high protein, EC 240665 (9.17%), EC 101913 (8.95%)
for high sugar, EC 723824 (0.69%) , EC 240697 (0.79%) for low phytic acid. NIRS
model was calibrated successfully for the traits like protein, starch, sugar, phenols,
phytate. Among them phytates with RPD value 1.4 and starch with RPD value 1.44 needs
improvement, while the traits such as phenols with RPD value 2.26, protein with RPD
value 2.74 & sugar with RPD value 1.99 were found good for screening purpose.
Correlation coefficient between predicted and laboratory values for all the parameters is
more than 0.6 viz. starch (R²=0.653), phenol (R²=0.843), phytate (R²=0.706), protein
(R²=0.883) & sugar (R²=0.816) hence they are significant for the model.
Description
T-10411