Analysis of Genetic Variation in Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. (wild jack) Collections from Western Ghats
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Date
2020
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Division of Plant Genetic Resources ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi
Abstract
A total of sixty-eight genotypes of wild jack (Family: Moraceae) were collected from
Karnataka and Kerala states preferably from the Kaan Community Forest. Genotypes were
collected from in-situ and ex-situ sites that were used to investigate morphological,
biochemical and genetic variation among sub-population and individual genotypes.
Additionally, the nutritional importance of seed and fruit were studied. Morphological data
were recorded among sixty-eight genotypes of seed and kernel by using Morphometry
software. The mean values were following in seed area 104.6mm2
, seed weight 0.43gm were
recorded while the maximum sample variance found in seed area. Eight colour groups were
found in kernel and the highest seventeen samples were grouped in pink (dark) colour. The
mean value of fruit weight was 112.2gm and among total weight, 49% is edible portion
including pulp and seed. In per 100gm of fruit pulp, mean value of total sugar 12gm, total
antioxidant 1.9mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE), total phenol 0.44mg GAE, beta carotene
441μg, ascorbic acid 8.13mg, Total Starch 16.7gm were reported. Similarly, in seed flour
moisture 47.5%, total phenol 2.5mg GAE, total antioxidant 2.74mg GAE, total sugar 7.3gm,
total nitrogen 17.6%, total starch 17.3gm were found. A total of fifty-six genotypes from eight
sub-population were selected for molecular analysis. Among seventy-seven SSR primer pairs
forty-three were amplified and thirty were polymorphic markers. Average pairwise Jaccard’s
similarity 0.59, overall expected heterozygosity was 0.33 and mean heterozygosity was 0.29.
Overall Fst value for all locus is 0.11 which showed modest genetic differentiation between
eight different populations of wild jack while gene flow (Nm) is estimated 2.07 respectively.
The mean value of the observed number of alleles was 1.86 (n*), the mean value of the
effective number of alleles (ne) was 1.68; the Mean value of the Shannon Information Index
(I) is 0.49. Total of fifty-six genotypes were representative of eight different natural
populations. Pop-1 and Pop-3 were clustered together in both dendrograms while Pop-2, Pop4, Pop-5, Pop-7 and Pop-8 clustered together while Pop-6 is distantly related among both
dendrograms. Conclusively, wild jack is a keystone and endemic species and its importance
for community, environment and ecosystem is imperative so its
Description
T-10402