Genetic Divergence Studies among Inbred Lines in Maize ( Zea Mays L. )
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Date
2020-12
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Jammu, J&K
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) has been extensively used in crop improvement research and is the third most important cereal crop after wheat and rice in the world. The present study was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic diversity present in the fifty maize inbreds. The maize inbred lines were developed at Maize Research Station, Udhampur and received from IIMR, New Delhi as part of coordinated program. The experiment was conducted at Maize Research Station, SKUAST-J, Udhampur, J&K during Kharif 2019-20 in Augmented Block Design for 17 morpho-physiological and yield contributing traits. The statistical analysis revealed that all the maize genotypes were significantly different for all the traits under study indicating significant amount of variability present in the inbred lines. Selection of superior maize genotype based on their performance for shelling percentage, grain yield per plot, kernel rows per cob, and cob length will be effective as these traits showed high heritability as well as high genetic advance. Correlation and Path analysis studies revealed that cob length, kernel row per cob, 1000 kernel weight, kernels per row, number of cobs per plant, plant height, days to 75% dry husk, days to 50% silking had highly significant and positive association with grain yield per plot. The phenotypic variance of all the traits under study was found to be higher than genotypic variance confirming that the environment plays an important role on performance of maize inbreds. All the inbreds were grouped into ten clusters based on D2 analysis. Maximum numbers of genotypes (12) were grouped in cluster III whereas cluster X (1) was the smallest cluster amongst the ten clusters. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters VIII and cluster IX indicating presence of maximum diversity among the genotypes falling within these respective clusters. Principal component analysis revealed, that first five principal components recorded eigen values more than one and explained 79.99 per cent of the total variability. PCA biplot of principal component analysis demonstrated that the inbreds UDMI 433, UDMI 410, UDMI 422, UDMI 440, UDMI 411, UDMI 429, UDMI 430, UDMI 432, UDMI 443 and UDMI 418 were genetically more diverse than the other genotypes which was also evident from tocher’s method, indicating their usefulness in hybrid breeding programmes. Hence, the crosses UDMI 422 x UDMI 429, UDMI 422 x UDMI 421, UDMI 421 x UDMI 437, and UDMI 437 x UDMI 440 are having good chance of producing heterotic hybrids for improvement of grain yield. Further, these genotypes should be tested further for their combining ability and gene action using different mating designs to produce hybrids based on the type of gene action involved.
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Preferred for your work. Hussain, K. 2020. Genetic Divergence Studies among Inbred Lines in Maize (Zea mays L.). M.Sc. thesis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, India.