Studies on floral biology of secondary and tertiary gene pool species in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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Date
2020-06
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Jammu, J&K
Abstract
Wheat improvement since the green revolution has mainly exploited intervarietal diversity resulting in narrow genetic base of varieties in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Exploitation of the members of secondary and tertiary gene pool of the genus Triticum, offers avenues towards identification and introgression of novel genes from the related species. The utilization of the members of the wheat wild relatives is restricted possibly due to certain reproductive / physiological / ploidy barriers. With this idea, the current investigation was undertaken to explore the floral biology of the different members of wheat secondary and tertiary gene pool vis a vis their hybridization potential. The present study entitled “Studies on floral biology of secondary and tertiary gene pool species in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was carried out during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 in the experimental area of Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha, with an objective to characterize wild wheats for floral traits related to hybridization. Twenty accessions of wild wheat belonging to fifteen species were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications to characterize and compare the floral traits related to hybridization and to identify the hybridization potential of some of the cross compatible genera’s/ species with bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The analysis of variance exhibited significant variation among the accessions for all the traits expect duration of anthesis reflecting sufficient genetic variation present among the wild wheat accessions. Based on Mahalanobis D2 analysis, the twenty accessions were grouped into five clusters with the maximum inter cluster distance observed between accessions of cluster IV and V. Eight species were grouped into a single cluster but did not show much of genomic similarity indicating that clustering based on floral traits is not an indicator of genomic similarity. Further, the four accessions of Secale cereale were grouped into two separate clusters with two accessions each, and the two accessions of T. dicoccoides were also placed in distinct clusters due to their distinctive floral traits. The most relevant floral traits for outcrossing and use as male parent include duration of anthesis found maximum in Secale cereale (Tenessee Rye 6.0) days while Secale cereale (Assam Rye) has maximum duration of stigma featheriness (62 minutes). The time window of pollen extruction was maximum in T. culinaris, Secale cereale 206, Secale cereale 308, Triticum uniarislata, Aegilops speltoides and Agropyron species while the quality of pollen grain was better than the rest in T. polonicum and Triticum vavilovii. Pollen viability among the different species ranged from 20 per cent in T. timopheevii to 100 percent (T. culinaris, T. geniculata, T. polonicum Secale cereale 206, Secale cereale 308, Triticum vavilovii, Triticum uninarislata, Aegilops speltoides and Agropyron species). Based on duration of anthesis, time of anther extrusion and quality of pollen grains, it may concluded that there is no uniform pattern of traits that determine the potential of a species as pollen parent which could be barrier to hybridization with Triticum aestivum L.
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preferred for your work. Mr.Faisal Jameel and Dr. Tuhina Dey.
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