Exploration of bacterial endophytes from leaves and bark of Cinnamomum tamala for antimicrobial activites
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Date
2021-02
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Jammu, J&K
Abstract
Medicinal plants are an important part of the human society to combat diseases. In India, medicinal plants are the rich source for natural drug research and development to fight against various diseases and disorders. Cinnamomum tamala, is a tree in the Lauraceae family and is also known as Indian bay leaf. Its leaves are used for culinary and medicinal purposes. Leaves and bark of Cinnamomum tamala have aromatic, astringent, stimulant and carminative qualities and used in rheumatism, colic, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. Medicinal plants are also reported to host some endophytes that are involved in the co-production of active metabolites. Endophytes are the biochemical synthesizers within plants. The microbe colonizes the internal tissue of host plant. Many of them are capable of synthesizing bioactive compounds that can be used by plants for defence against pathogens and some of these compounds have been proved for useful drug discovery. The aim of the present study was to isolate the bacterial endophytes from bark, leaves and dry leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. Plant samples (leaves and bark) were collected from the Research farm of IIIM, Chatha, Jammu. Total 18 isolates were isolated, 6 each from bark, leaf and dry leaf of Cinnamomum tamala. These isolates were studied for their antimicrobial properties against three different human pathogens. The results revealed that out of 18 isolates, 8 isolates viz CTB-1, CTB-2, CTB-6, CTL-1, CTL-3, CTD-1, CTD-4 and CTD-6 had good antimicrobial potential against human pathogens (Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi). The potential isolates were evaluated for secondary metabolite extraction using two organic solvents viz ethyl acetate and methanol, among them CTB-6 with 26.00 mm, 27.00 and 28.00 zone of clearance respectively showed significant potential followed by CTD-6 with 22.00 mm, 23.00 and 24.00 zone of clearance respectively. The potent crude bacterial extracts were further examined for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The methanol extract of (CTB-6) and the ethyl acetate extract of (CTD-6) showed MIC of 20 mg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimuriu respectively. This study concluded that the isolate CTB-6 and CTD-6 had best antimicrobial activity and further these isolates can be studied for their identification at species level and bioactive antimicrobial compounds.
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