Studies on Water and Nutrient Management in Mango (Mangifera Indica L. ) Cultivar Dashehari Under Jammu Sub - Tropics
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Date
2021-01
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Jammu, J&K
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Studies on water and nutrient management in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari under Jammu subtropics” was carried out at Farmer’s Field in Akhnoor on twelve years old mango orchard of cv. Dashehari, during the years 2017 and 2018 to study the effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), partial root zone drying (PRD) and fertigation on growth, yield, quality and shelf life of mango. The plants which were treated with PRD 75% ETc + F (T7) recorded advanced date of appearance of panicle, date of full bloom, date of maximum fruit set, date of harvest and maximum duration of flowering as compared to other treatments, in both the years. The maximum panicle length (26.57 and 25.18 cm) and breadth of panicle (13.53 and 12.27 cm) was found in treatment PRD 75% ETc + F (T7) while minimum length (18.52 and 17.37 cm) and breadth (10.88 and 9.52 cm) of panicle was observed in treatment (T10) no irrigation in both years 2017 and 2018, respectively. Maximum tree height (5.97 m and 6.18 m), tree spread from east to west (4.91 m and 5.22 m), and from north to south (4.64 m and 4.93 m), scion stock ratio (0.941and 0.954), stock girth (63.53 cm and 65.72 cm), scion girth (59.81cm and 62.70 cm) were recorded in T1 100% ETc. The maximum fruit weight (206.45 and 208.29 gram), fruit length (10.37 and 10.40 cm), fruit breadth (6.31 and 6.33 cm), fruit volume (213.87 and 216.56 cm3) and specific gravity (1.03 and 1.04 g/cc) were recorded in T7 (PRD 75% ETc + F) during both the years 2017 and 2018, respectively. Mango trees treated with PRD 50% ETc and fertigation recorded maximum TSS (20.42 and 20.50 0Brix), titrable acidity (0.22 and 0.22 %), total sugars (15.25 and 15.30 %), reducing sugars (3.71 and 3.73 %), non reducing sugars (10.96 and 10.99 %) and sugar acid ratio (92.81 and 93.18) in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The maximum leaf potassium (0.28 and 0.30%), calcium (1.79 and 1.81%), and boron (19.84 and 20.16 ppm) content were observed in treatment T7 i.e PRD 75% ETc coupled with fertigation in the years 2017 and 2018, respectively. Whereas, minimum leaf potassium (0.20 and 0.21%), calcium (1.70 and 1.72%), and boron (13.83 and 13.94 ppm) content were observed in treatment T10 i.e.no irrigation in the years 2017 and 2018, respectively. The proline content and Pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity was found maximum in treatment T10 i.e no irrigation (36.01 and 36.23μg g-1 FW) and (185.2 and 179.2 μg min−1 ·g−1 FW) in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The application of PRD 75% ETc + F resulted in maximum number of fruits (227 and 466), fruit set (0.96 and 0.98 %) and yield (47.02 and 97.11 kg/tree) compared to all other treatments and maximum fruit drop percent was found in treatment (T10) 86.24 and 87.13 %. The maximum water use efficiency was recorded in PRD 50% ETc + F (T9). Soil moisture content was recorded maximum in treatment T1(100% ETc) whereas, soil potential and leaf temperature were recorded maximum under T10 (no irrigation) during both the years.
During storage maximum fruit firmness (27.33 lb/inch2 and 28.12 lb/inch2) was recorded in treatment PRD 50% ETc + F (T9) and minimum firmness was recorded under treatment T10 (no irrigation)with 20.97 lb/inch and 21.62 lb/inch at 0 day and 6.52 lb/inch2 and 7.14 lb/inch2 during both the years 2017 and 2018 respectively. Physiological loss in weight (21.06 % and 21.10 %), decay loss (51.00% and 52.20%) and carotenoids (8.42 and 8.44 mg/100 gram pulp) were observed to be maximum in treatment no irrigation (T10) in both the years during 2017 and 2018 respectively. Maximum fruit moisture (77.46% and 77.72%) was recorded in treatment PRD 75% ETc + F (T7) during 2017 and 2018, respectively. Maximum total soluble solids (17.41 and17.43 0Brix), total sugars (16.01 and 16.05%), reducing sugars (6.39% and 6.41%) and non reducing sugars (9.14 and 9.16%) and pectin content (0.294 and 0.296 %) was found in treatment (T9) in both the years during 2017 and 2018 respectively. During storage maximum fruit potassium content (0.74 and 0.75 %), calcium content (0.045 and 0.046 %) and boron content (12.13 and 12.15 ppm) was found in treatment (T7) which is PRD 75 %ETc along with fertigation in both years (2017 and 2018) respectively, and showed non significant change with increase in storage period. Economics of water and nutrient management in mango cultivar Dashehari was worked out and highest benefit cost ratio (1: 2.30 and 1:4.19) per hectare was obtained in treatment (T7) PRD 75 % ETc +F during both the years i.e 2017 and 2018, respectively. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that for improving the growth, yield, quality and shelf life of mango cv. Dashehari under rainfed conditions of Jammu where water is scarce, trees should be irrigated at PRD 75% ETc + Fertigation with K2SO4 (0.5%), H3BO3 (0.5%) and Ca(NO3)2 (1%) (PRD 50% ETc + F).
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Preferred for your work EFFICACY OF REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION,PARTIAL ROOT ZONE DRYING AND FERTIGATION IN MANGO CULTIVAR DASHEHARI UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS.